Figure 2.

Energy spilling and other responses of mixed rumen microbes to pulse dose of glucose. (A,C) 5 mM glucose. (B,D) 20 mM glucose. (A,B) Glucose in media and reserve carbohydrate. Glucose was dosed at 20 min. (C,D) Heat production, including heat accounted by endogenous metabolism, synthesis of reserve carbohydrate, and energy spilling. Data are for 1 cow, and each glucose concentration represents a single experiment. Figure adapted from Hackmann et al. (2013a).