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. 2015 May 12;83(6):2496–2506. doi: 10.1128/IAI.02461-14

FIG 3.

FIG 3

Low-level release of IL-1β by classical V. cholerae is due to CT holotoxin. (A, D) IL-1β secretion from THP-1 (gray bars), ASCdef THP-1 (white bars), or NLRP3def THP-1 (striped bars) cells treated at an MOI of 25 with wild-type V. cholerae classical strains 9459 and O395 and the isogenic ΔctxAB mutant O395NT and ΔctxA mutant O395N1 for 3 h, followed by incubation in fresh medium containing gentamicin for 13 h to amplify the detection of low levels of IL-1β release. (B) CT secreted into RPMI medium measured by ELISA. (C, E) Percent lysis of THP-1 (gray bars) and NLRP3def THP-1 cells (striped bars) after 16 h as measured by LDH release. Data are presented as the mean ± the standard deviation of triplicate samples. *, P < 0.05; ns, not statistically significant; <d. l., below the limit of detection of the assay.