FIG 2.
Effects of PM exposure on chemokine and antimicrobial peptide production in A549 cells. A549 cells were incubated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 50 μg/ml of PM2.5 or PM10 for 18 h, and mRNA fold changes and protein production assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The mRNA fold changes and protein production of HBD-2 (A and B), HBD-3 (C), IL-8 (D and E), and MCP-1 (F and G) are shown. Data represent mean results ± SDs from three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences between results for unexposed and PM-exposed cells are shown with single (P < 0.05) or double (P < 0.01) asterisks.