MnhF is required for S. aureus survival in the human colonic model. Survival of S. aureus SH1000 (■) and ΔmnhF (▲) cells in the human colonic model. (A) Model of the ascending colon (vessel 1); (B) model of the transverse colon (vessel 2); (C) model of the descending colon (vessel 3). Samples were taken at inoculation (0 h) and at 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postinfection. Results are reported as means (log10 CFU/ml) of the data from three colonic models ± standard errors of the means. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001.