Table 4. Effects of oral ADT on the risk of cancer among T2DM patients.
| Anti-diabetic drugs | Lung | Liver | Colorectum | Breast | Oral cavity | Pancreas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin (mean follow-up, days) | 978 | 1048 | 1143 | 1311 | 1631 | 1392 |
| No. of patients (with/without) a | 150/55 | 208/77 | 162/47 | 59/14 | 61/18 | 37/9 |
| Cancer incidence density (with/without) a | 4.7/10.3 | 6.6/14.4 | 5.1/8.8 | 1.9/2.6 | 1.9/3.4 | 1.2/0.2 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) b | 0.62(0.45–0.85)† | 0.64(0.49–0.83)† | 0.74(0.53–1.03) | 0.74(0.41–1.34) | 0.67(0.39–1.15) | 0(0–0) |
| Sulfonylureas (mean follow-up, days) | 1448 | 1375 | 1465 | 1470 | 1580 | 1274 |
| No. of patients (with/without) a | 157/48 | 241/44 | 166/43 | 54/19 | 72/7 | 41/5 |
| Cancer incidence density (with/without) a | 5.1/7.8 | 7.8/7.1 | 5.4/7.0 | 1.8/3.1 | 2.3/1.1 | 1.3/0.8 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) b | 0.69(0.49–0.95)† | 1.05(0.76–1.45) | 0.79(0.56–1.10) | 0.62(0.37–1.06) | 1.82(0.83–4.00) | 1.77(0.70–4.50) |
| Meglitinides (mean follow-up, days) | 1464 | 1596 | 1814 | 1266 | 1968 | 1553 |
| No. of patients (with/without) a | 26/179 | 42/243 | 26/183 | 8/65 | 7/72 | 4/42 |
| Cancer incidence density (with/without) a | 4.1/5.8 | 6.7/7.9 | 4.1/6.0 | 1.3/2.1 | 1.1/2.6 | 0.6/1.4 |
| Adjusted HRs (95% CI) b | 0.73(0.48–1.10) | 0.73(0.53–1.02) | 0.70(0.46–1.06) | 0.65(0.31–1.06) | 0.47(0.23–1.02) | 0.46(0.17–1.30) |
| Thiazolidinediones (mean follow-up, days) | 1489 | 1620 | 1853 | 1789 | 2359 | 1791 |
| No. of patients (with/without) a | 13/192 | 39/246 | 26/183 | 9/64 | 6/73 | 6/40 |
| Cancer incidence density (with/without) a | 1.7/6.3 | 5.7/8.2 | 3.8/6.1 | 1.3/2.1 | 0.9/2.4 | 0.8/1.3 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) b | 0.37(0.21–0.65)† | 0.85(0.60–1.19) | 0.74(0.49–1.12) | 0.66(0.33–1.33) | 0.37(0.16–1.85)† | 0.71(0.30–1.70) |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor (mean follow-up, days) | 1617 | 1724 | 1867 | 1413 | 2090 | 1298 |
| No. of patients (with/without) a | 36/169 | 44/241 | 33/176 | 10/63 | 12/67 | 7/39 |
| Cancer incidence density (with/without) a | 4.0/6.1 | 4.9/8.6 | 3.7/6.3 | 1.1/2.3 | 1.3/2.4 | 0.8/1.4 |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) b | 0.75(0.52–1.07) | 0.58(0.42–0.80)† | 0.64(0.44–0.93)† | 0.50(0.26–0.98)† | 0.58(0.31–1.07) | 0.59(0.26–1.32) |
Abbreviations: ADT, anti-diabetic therapy; CI, confidence interval; HRs, hazard ratios.
Cancer incidence density: the number of incident cancer events per 10,000 person-years.
†p< 0.05 for comparison between T2DM patients treated with and without oral ADT.
aData presented as the T2DM patients treated with and without oral ADT.
bAdjusted for sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, gout, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis, and duration of ADT exposure which was treated as a time dependent variable.