Table 2. MANCOVA for TCI scores and the ABO phenotype groups (mean ± SD).
| ABO phenotype | N (%) | Novelty Seeking | Harm Avoidance | Reward Dependence | Persistence | Self-directedness | Cooperativeness | Self-transcendence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (allele AA, AO) | 537 (37.6) | 21.9±5.2 | 18.6±6.4 | 15.1±3.2 | 4.6±1.9 | 28.0±6.5 | 28.2±5.5 | 9.3±4.9 |
| B (allele BB, BO) | 331 (23.2) | 22.1±5.3 | 18.7±6.3 | 14.7±3.3 | 4.3±1.8 | 28.1±6.8 | 27.8±5.6 | 9.5±4.8 |
| O (allele OO) | 433 (30.3) | 22.1±5.1 | 18.9±6.1 | 15.0±3.1 | 4.3±1.8 | 28.2±6.4 | 28.4±5.0 | 9.4±4.4 |
| AB (allele AB) | 126 (8.8) | 21.4±4.4 | 19.8±5.9 | 14.9±3.0 | 4.4±1.9 | 28.1±6.9 | 27.5±5.3 | 9.5±5.2 |
| F | 0.795 | 1.293 | 0.800 | 2.952 | 0.093 | 1.202 | 0.064 | |
| Partial η 2 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | |
| P-value | 0.496 | 0.275 | 0.494 | 0.032 ¶ | 0.964 | 0.308 | 0.979 |
Comparison of the TCI scores among the four phenotype groups including age and sex as covariates.
¶There was a significant difference between the ABO phenotypes and Persistence scores. Post hoc analysis showed that blood type A group had higher Persistence scores than B and O groups (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018, respectively; Bonferroni correction).