Fig 1. Experimental time course for each participant.

Each participant completed three studies with a different RA dosage or placebo as designated by treatment group in the Latin square design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 24, 48 hours after intake of RA or placebo on each intervention day. *1 indicates a 7-day controlled diet period. During this period, the participants were requested to consume foods that contain minimal amounts of polyphenols, such as rice and fish. * 2 indicates a 10-day wash-out period.