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. 2015 May 15;10(5):e0126259. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126259

Fig 2. Cardiac developmental defects observed in zebrafish treated with cigarette smoke.

Fig 2

(a) Representative whole mount images of zebrafish at 72 hpe showing normal, mild, intermediate, and severe cardiac developmental defects. v = ventricle, At = atrium. (b-c) Analysis of percent zebrafish with heart defects (b) severity of heart defects and (c). (d) Analysis of heart function in control, e-cigarette and tobacco treated groups at 72 hpe. (e) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis (fold change from control) of a panel of genes with critical roles in early heart development at 24 hpe. n ≥ 3 (independent experiments with each n containing between 24–48 animals per treatment). For qRT-PCR, n = 3 with each n consisting of 28–35 embryos from independent breeding pools. * P < 0.05, hpe = hours post exposure; N = Nicotine, E = E-cigarette, T = Tobacco.