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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2003 Oct 30;93(12):1225–1232. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000104087.29395.66

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Real-time intracellular superoxide production in response to flow measured by DHE. A, At time zero, column A illustrates BAECs under 3 conditions: pulsatile flow (PF), oscillatory flow (OF), and static state (control). B, Real-time merged images of phase and fluorescence at 4 hours demonstrate the localization of red fluorescence in the nuclei. In the presence of superoxide, DHE was converted to ethidium, which intercalated into the double-stranded DNA in the nuclei. C, Real-time fluorescent microscopy underscores the superoxide production as red fluorescence.