Rates of superoxide production in the presence of 2-DOG between static and oscillatory flow (OF) conditions. A, BAECs were incubated with 10 mmol/L of 2-DOG for 12 hours before SOD inhibited ferric cytochrome c reduction assay. The presence of 2-DOG significantly reduced the rates of superoxide formation between the control and 2-DOG samples, OF, and OF+2-DOG samples. The negative rates of superoxide production were attributable to the use of SOD. B, LDL oxidation in response to OF. The presence of 2-DOG significantly attenuated the extent of LDL oxidation, suggesting the role of NADPH as an important cofactor for superoxide production and the subsequent LDL oxidation.