(A) 4 hr following oral gavage of butyrate, tissue luciferase activity increased in the distal gut of Abx-treated ODD-Luc mice.
(B–D) Oral gavage of TBN increased cecal acetate and butyrate (B), luciferase activity (C), and HIF-1α protein (D) in Abx-treated ODD-Luc mice. Daily TBN gavage for 3 days increased retention of O2-sensitive probe in the colon of Abx-treated mice (n = 6 per group).
(H) Validation of lentiviral knockdown of HIF-1β in high-resistance T84 monolayers is shown by western blot.
(I) Role of HIF-1β in mediating influences of NaB treatment is shown by the lower flux ratio in NaB/control-treated control cells compared with HIF-1 β knockdown cells (p < 0.05). Data represent average ± SEM from three independent experiments.
(C, F, and G) Significance was determined using Kruskal-Wallis (C) and Student’s t test ([F] and [G]).