Table 5.
Associations between the FFQ-derived dietary inflammatory index and biomarkers of inflammation in subgroups of BMI (kg/m2), in non-users of NSAIDs (n=1290)
| Quintiles (Q) of the DII: Estimate1 (95% confidence interval) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Biomarker |
Q1 (−6.230, < −3.126) |
Q2 (−3.126, < − 1.833) |
Q3 (−1.833, < − 0.023) |
Q4 (−0.023, <2.147) |
Q5 (2.147, 5.224) | Ptrend2 |
| IL-63 | ||||||
| Normal weight (<25) | referent | 0.93 (0.81, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.20) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.29) | 0.10 |
| Overweight (25 – <30) | referent | 1.02 (0.87, 1.17) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.23) | 1.15 (1.02, 1.32)* | 0.01 |
| Obese (≥30) | referent | 1.10 (0.95, 1.26) | 0.95 (0.93, 1.17) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.17) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.29) | 0.02 |
| hs-CRP model (hs-CRP dichotomous; odds ratios)4 | ||||||
| Normal weight (<25) | referent | 0.94 (0.39, 2.23) | 1.04 (0.45, 2.43) | 1.30 (0.61, 2.79) | 1.08 (0.46, 2.52) | 0.60 |
| Overweight (25 – <30) | referent | 2.14 (1.01, 4.56)* | 1.10 (0.51, 2.37) | 1.51 (0.70, 3.23) | 1.77 (0.86, 3.68) | 0.33 |
| Obese (≥30) | referent | 2.63 (1.28, 5.42)* | 2.38 (1.20, 4.71)* | 2.50 (1.27, 4.93)* | 2.34 (1.17, 4.64)* | 0.11 |
| TNFα-R2 | ||||||
| Normal weight (<25) | referent | 2.38 (−148.28, 153.05) |
−45.15(−192.48, 102.18) |
93.12 (−40.84, 227.07) |
11.59 (−136.84, 160.02) |
0.30 |
| Overweight (25 – <30) | referent | −26.13 (−170.83, 118.57) |
−22.57 (−162.88, 117.83) |
45.63(−98.32, 189.58) |
35.44 (−91.46, 162.33) |
0.42 |
| Obese (≥30) | referent | −37.76 (−209.02, 133.51) |
−132.84(−286.05, 20.37) |
110.87(−38.02, 259.75) |
282.63(126.71, 438.56)* |
<0.0001 |
| Overall inflammatory biomarker score3,5 | ||||||
| Normal weight (<25) | referent | 0.08 (−0.22, 0.39) | 02 (−0.28, 0.32) | 0.25 (−0.03, 0.53) | 0.14 (−0.17, 0.44) | 0.18 |
| Overweight (25 – <30) | referent | 0.29 (−0.12, 0.57) | 0.17 (−0.17, 0.52) | 0.29 (−0.06, 0.64) | 0.30 (−0.40, 0.63) | 0.12 |
| Obese (≥30) | referent | 0.39 (0.30, 0.75)* | 0.18 (−0.16, 0.53) | 0.54 (0.20, 0.88)* | 0.74 (0.39, 1.09)* | <0.0001 |
Statistically significant association;
Beta parameters;
The median of each quintile was assigned to all participants in the quintile and the variable introduced into models as an ordinal variable and its p-value interpreted as the p-value for tend;
Backtransformed (10x) estimates since the data were log transformed to the base 10, prior to analyses;
Dichotomous hs-CRP (>3 mg/L, ≤3 mg/L) modeled the probability that hs-CRP >3 mg/L;
The overall inflammatory score was computed by summing z-scores of all three biomarkers for each participant. All models were adjusted for age, race, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, inflammation-related co-morbidity, regular use of antidepressants, and statins use