Figure. 5.
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma cells. Immunochemical staining using anti-MMP antibodies followed by hematoxylin counter staining was performed on bladder tissues from age-matched (8-months) Upk2-cre, Upk2-HRAS*, Upk2-cre/p53lox/lox and Upk2-HRAS*/Upk2-cre/p53lox/lox mice. Note the significant upregulation of MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 and MMP13 in the muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma cells of transgenic mice expressing the oncogenic HRAS* and deficient for p53. MMP3 and MMP13 were also detected strongly in some matrix cells. Magnification: 200× for all panels.