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Cell Response to Continuous Modulation of Topography at 24 h. A: On the left, the effect of the embedded microwires’ presence on cell morphology without actuation was determined for cell spread area (p = 0.93) and shape factor (p = 0.77). On the right, OCF was measured between cells and microwires for both the actuated and nonactuated substrates (p = 0.79). B: Plot of surface roughness and cell spread area for actuated and nonactuated substrate.
