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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Transcult Nurs. 2014 Nov 17;27(3):233–240. doi: 10.1177/1043659614558454

Table 2.

Pain Management Strategies Reported by Focus Group Participants.

Pain management strategies
Allopathic prescription medication
 Ambien
 Gabapentin
 Hydrocodone
 Hydrocortisone injections
 Morphine/intravenous morphine
 Hydrocortisone
 “Pain pills”
Allopathic over-the-counter medications
 Ibuprofen
 Acetaminophen
Complementary and alternative medicine
 Accepting the pain
 Acupuncture
 Cannabis
 Chiropractic
 Diaphragmatic breathinga
 Distractiona
 Exercise
 Guided imagerya
 Massage
 Meditationa
 Talk therapy
 Physical therapy
 Prayer
 Sleep
a

Cognitive behavioral pain management strategies.