Table 2. Outcome measures (Mean±SD).

	Experimental group		Control group
	Pre-test	Post-test	Pre-test	Post-test
ASHA NOMS	2.15±1.40	4.46±4.50*	2.00±0.91	4.84±1.40*
New VFSS (Oral phase)
Lip closure	0.30±0.75	0.15±0.55	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
Bolus formation	0.46±1.12	0.00±0.00	1.15±1.51	0.69±1.31
Mastication	0.61±1.50	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
Apraxia	0.11±0.41	0.11±0.41	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
Tongue to plate contace	0.76±1.87	0.38±1.38	1.92±2.53	1.38±2.21
Premature bolus loss	1.26±1.60	0.46±0.72*	0.80±0.77	0.34±0.65*
Oral transit time	0.00±0.00	0.23±0.83	0.92±1.44	0.46±1.12
New VFSS (Phayngeal phase)
Residue in the valleculae	4.15±1.72	1.84±1.28*	3.07±1.32	1.53±1.19*
Reduced laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure	9.00±0.00	3.46±4.55*	8.30±2.49	4.15±4.66*
Residue in the pyriform sinuses	8.30±2.49	4.50±2.59*	5.88±3.84	3.46±3.26*
Coating of pharyngeal wall after swallow	9.00±0.00	3.46±4.55*	8.30±2.49	6.92±3.94
Pharyngeal delay time	1.38±1.55	0.23±0.83*	1.38±1.55	0.00±0.00*
Pharyngeal transit time	0.46±1.66	0.00±0.00	0.46±1.66	0.00±0.00
Aspiration	6.92±4.13	1.84±4.50*	7.84±3.78	3.23±4.65*
VFSS TOTAL SCORE	42.53±8.56	17.15±15.43*	40.07±11.33	22.03±12.31*

*p<0.05. ASHA: American speech-language-hearing association national outcomes measurement system, New VFSS: new videofluoroscopic swallowing study scale