Table 3.

Overview of assays, cell types, concentrations, and particles and obtained effects

Assay	Cells	Concentrations (μg/ml)	Particles (sizes, nm)	Sign. effect at concentrations of ≤100 μg/ml
Viability	U937, THP-1, THPdiff, DMBM-2	25-50-100-200-400-500	20-100-500-1,000	THPdiff 20, U937 20, THP 20, THPdiff 500, decrease
Chemotaxis (pre-incubation)	U937	10-50	20-200-1,000	CPS1000, increase
Cytokine release IL-6/IL-8	THP-1, THP-1diff, U937, DMBM-2	10-20-50	20-100-200-500-1,000	IL-6: THPdiff 500, THPdiff 1000; IL-8: THPdiff 20, THPdiff 500, THP 20, increase
Phagocytosis	DMBM-2	10-50 (only CPS20) 100-500	20-200-500-1,000	CPS500, CPS1000, increase
Nitric oxide generation	DMBM-2	50-100-200-500-1,000	20-200-500-1,000	None
Oxidative burst	Granulocytes, monocytes	25-50-100	20-1,000	CPS1000c granulos, CPS20c monos, increase
Myeloperoxidase	Granulocytes	50-200-2,000	20-200-500	None