Table 2. The putative thelytoky associated element, tae, (Jarosch et al., 2011) allele carried by the queens and drones and their worker offspring in each F₁ or BC colony, expected presence of thelytokously and arrhenotokously produced offspring if (a) both the tae1 and tae2 alleles result in thelytoky, or (b) only the tae1 allele results in thelytoky.

Colony	Cross type	Cross direction (queen x drone)	tae queen	tae drone	tae workers	A: Thelytoky expected tae1 & tae2 cause thelytoky	A: Arrhenotoky expected tae1 & tae2 cause thelytoky	B: Thelytoky expected tae1 causes thelytoky	B: Arrhenotoky expected tae1 causes thelytoky	Thelytokous offspring	Arrhenotokous offspring	tae allele carried by thelytokous offspring
3	F1	SxC	tae1,tae1	tae2	tae1,tae2	Yes	No	No	Yes	0	47	—
4	F1	SxC	tae1,tae1	tae2	tae1, tae2	Yes	No	No	Yes	0	31	—
7	F1	CxS	tae1,tae2	tae4	tae1,tae4 or tae2,tae4	No	Yes	No	Yes	0	20	—
9	F1	CxS	tae1,tae1	tae2	tae1,tae2	Yes	No	No	Yes	1	16	1 tae1,tae1
11	F1	CxS	tae1,tae1	tae2	tae1,tae2	Yes	No	No	Yes	1	15	1 tae2,tae2
14	F1	CxS	tae2,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae2	Yes	No	No	Yes	0	58	-
10	BC	(SxC)xS	tae1,tae1	tae3	tae1,tae3	No	Yes	No	Yes	0	8	-
15	BC	(SxC)xC	tae1,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae1 or tae1,tae2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	20	8	1 tae1,tae1 and 14 tae1,tae2
16	BC	(SxC)xC	tae1,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae1 or tae1,tae2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	26	1	6 tae1,tae1 and 17 tae1,tae2
21	BC	(SxC)xC	tae1,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae1 or tae1,tae2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	2	0	2 tae1,tae2
19	BC	(CxS)xS	tae1,tae2	tae3	tae1,tae3 or tae2,tae3	No	Yes	No	Yes	0	6	—
20	BC	(CxS)xS	tae1,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae1 or tae1,tae2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	21	0	9 tae1,tae1 and 10 tae1,tae2
22	BC	(CxS)xC	tae1,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae1 or tae1,tae2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	23	0	13 tae1,tae1 and 8 tae1,tae2
26	BC	(CxS)xC	tae1,tae2	tae1	tae1,tae1 or tae1,tae2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	14	21	12 tae1,tae1

Abbreviation: BC, backcross.

The number of thelytokously and arrhenotokously produced offspring of workers (eggs, larvae and pupae) observed in F₁ and backcross colonies of Capensis (C) and Scutellata (S), and the tae alleles carried by thelytokously produced offspring. Queens heading colonies 10, 15, 16 and 21 were offspring of colony 3. Queens heading colonies 19, 20, 22 and 26 were offspring of colony 6. All the worker-produced offspring collected from colony 6 at the time of sampling were non-natal.