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Reagents and conditions: (a) Alkyl bromide, K2CO3, tetrabutylammonium bromide, H2O/ethanol or isopropanol, 100 °C, 8–24 h; (b) (i) POCl3/DMF 0–80 °C, 2–4 h; (ii) Na2CO3; (c) CNCH2COOH, piperidine, CH3CN, 80 °C, 8–20 h; (d) NaHCO3, MeOH–H2O, rt, overnight.
