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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014 Sep 16;24(1):79–94. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2015.960077

Figure 3. Agents that modulate reactive oxygen species.

Figure 3

Agents targeting multiple steps of mitochondrial mechanism have been evaluated in early phase clinical trials. Agents that augment production of reactive oxygen species include mangafodipir/calmangafodipir, motexafin, ARQ-501, ele-sclomol, arsenic trioxide, STA-4783, 2-ME, ENMD-1198, and ATN-224. Other agents affect mitochondrial metabolism via alternate routes, including phenylethyl isothiocyanate downregulation of glutathione, buthionine sulphoximine inhibition of GSH synthesis, and imexon depletion of GSH via thiol binding.

GSH: Reduced glutathione; GSR: Glutathione reductase; GSSG: Glutathione disulfide; H2O: Water; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; O2: Oxygen; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase.