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. 2015 Apr 10;4(5):636–648. doi: 10.1242/bio.201511551

Fig. 7. Molecular chaperones can alleviate ER stress due to a reduction in either Clu or dGRASP.

Fig. 7.

(A–F) ER stress markers are upregulated in clu or dGRASP RNAi. The ER stress reporter Xbp1-GFP is elevated upon induction of ER stress by DTT (B) or upon RNAi knockdown of clu (C) or dGRASP (D) in L3 muscles (n = nucleus). (E) Quantitation of the ER stress inducer Xbp1-GFP in the indicated genotypes. (F) Independent measurements of ER stress measuring the amount of Bip levels in L3 muscle. ER stress in increased upon feeding with DTT or in clu or dGRASP RNAi and can be ameliorated upon treatment with the molecular chaperones TUDCA or 4PBA (*p<0.05; ***p<0.0005; ****p<0.0001). (G–K) αPS2 accumulates in clu RNAi (H) muscle tissue and this perinuclear accumulation is alleviated upon treatment with TUDCA (I) or 4PBA (J). (K) Graph depicting the internal accumulation of αPS2 upon loss of Clu only. (L–P) The size of Sec16 ERES is reduced in clu RNAi (M), but is restored upon inhibition of ER stress (N–P) (mean±s.e.m.; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.005). Scale bars, 10 µm (A–D, G–J); 2 µm (L–O).