Table 1. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical characteristics.
| Included cases | Excluded cases | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV | AIDS | All | ||
| F/N (%)a | F/N (%) | F/N (%) | ||
| Demographic | ||||
| Maternal age - less than 20 years | 3/34 (8.8%) | 1/40 (2.5%) | 18/172 (10.4%) | |
| Maternal age - more than 35 years | 3/34 (8.8%) | 7/40 (17.5%) | 13/172 (7.5%) | |
| Ethnicity - non-white | 28/34 (82.3%) | 28/40 (70.0%) | 115/150 (76.6%) | |
| Instruction - illiterate or less than 5 years | 9/34 (26.4%) | 10/40 (25.0%) | 15/35 (42.8%) | |
| Instruction - 5 to 8 years | 11/34 (32.3%) | 10/40 (25.0%) | 13/35 (37.1%) | |
| Occupation - housewife | 20/33 (60.6%) | 23/40 (57.5%) | 84/105 (80.0%)b | |
| Marital status - unmarried | 3/31 (9.6%) | 8/39 (20.5%) | 14/32 (43.7%)b | |
| Residency outside Vitoria City | 25/34 (73.5%) | 27/40 (67.5%) | 90/160 (56.2%)b | |
| Obstetrical history | ||||
| Primiparity | 10/34 (29.4%) | 8/40 (20.0%) | 8/34 (23.5%) | |
| Multiparity - 3 or more | 10/34 (29.4%) | 10/40 (25.0%) | 10/34 (29.4%) | |
| Previous abortion | 11/34 (32.3%) | 13/40 (32.5%) | 8/34 (23.5%) | |
| Previous perinatal death | 4/34 (11.7%) | 3/40 (7.5%) | 1/34 (2.9%) | |
| Current pregnancy | ||||
| Prenatal care - < 6 attendances | 7/33 (21.2%) | 10/40 (25.0%) | 37/63 (58.7%)b | |
| Prenatal care - not in HUCAM | 21/34 (61.7%) | 19/40 (47.5%) | 35/61 (57.3%) | |
| Body mass index - < 18.5 | 3/34 (8.8%) | 4/38 (10.5%) | 4/31 (12.9%) | |
| Body mass index - 25 < BMI < 30 | 6/34 (17.6%) | 9/40 (22.5%) | 6/31 (19.3%) | |
| Body mass index - BMI > 29.9 | 4/34 (11.7%) | 1/40 (2.5%) | 2/31 (6.4%) | |
| Smoking - any | 4/34 (11.7%) | 7/39 (17.9%) | 16/34 (47.0%)b | |
| Alcohol abuse | 2/34 (5.8%) | 0/40 (0.0%) | 7/35 (20.0%)b | |
| Illicit drug use | 2/34 (5.8%) | 1/40 (2.5%) | 7/35 (20.0%)b | |
| Maternal anemia | 6/32 (18.7%) | 5/38 (13.1%) | 10/31 (32.2%) | |
| Hypertension (any type) | 4/33 (12.1 %) | 5/40 (12.5%) | 3/32 (9.3%) | |
| Urinary tract infection | 7/33 (21.2%) | 6/40 (15.0%) | 5/31 (16.1%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1/33 (3.0%) | 0/40 (0.0%) | 0/34 (0.0%) | |
| Syphilis | 1/33 (3.0%) | 1/40 (2.5%) | 5/31 (16.1%)b | |
| HSV infection | 0/33 (0.0%) | 2/38 (5.2%) | 1/34 (2.9%) | |
| HPV infection (condiloma acuminatum) | 2/32 (6.2%) | 3/38 (7.8%) | 3/33 (9.0%) | |
a
: number refers to absolute frequency (F) of category, number of cases with data (N) and relative frequency (%);
b
: p < 0.05 on chi square or Fisher exact test between included versus excluded cases;
c: p < 0.05 on chi square or Fisher exact test between HIV versus AIDS cases; non-significant contrast not flagged.