Table 1.

Detailed metabolic profile of ACE inhibitors.

ACE inhibitors name	Metabolites	Enzymes	References
Benazepril	Benazeprilat	Carboxylesterases	[37]
	Benazeprilat glucuronic acid	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[37]
Captopril	Cysteine-captopril disulfide		[38]
	Capropril dimer disulfide		[38]
Cilazapril	Cilazaprilat	Carboxylesterases	[39]
Enalapril	Enalaprilat	Carboxylesterases	[35, 40, 41]
Fosinopril	Fosinoprilat	Carboxylesterases	[42]
	p-Hydroxy fosinopril metabolite		[42]
	Glucuronides of fosinopril	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[42]
Lisinopril	Not metabolized		[36]
Moexipril	Moexiprilat	Carboxylesterases	[43]
Perindopril	Perindoprilat	Carboxylesterases	[44]
	Perindopril glucuronides	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[44]
	Perindoprilat glucuronides	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[44]
Quinapril	Quinaprilat	Carboxylesterases	[45]
Ramipril	Ramiprilat	Carboxylesterases	[46]
	Diketopiperazine ester		[46]
	Diketopiperazine acid		[46]
	Glucuronides of ramipril	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[46]
	Glucuronides of ramiprilat	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[46]
Rescinnamine	No information available
Spirapril	Spiraprilat	Carboxylesterases	[35]
Trandolapril	Trandolaprilat	Carboxylesterases	[47]
	Diketopiperazine ester		[47]
	Diketopiperazine acid		[47]
	Trandolapril glucuronides	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[47]
	Trandolaprilat glucuronides	UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase	[47]