Table 3.
Mean (SD, range) variable | Left varicocele | Bilateral | P | High ligation | Inguinal | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 35 (43) | 47 (57) | 40 (49) | 42 (51) | ||
Semen volume (mL) | 2.69 (0.8, 1.5–4.5) | 2.63 (0.8, 1.5–4.5) | 0.735a | 2.5 (0.7, 1.5–4.5) | 2.8 (0.7, 1.5–4.5) | 0.069a |
Sperm density (106/mL) | 20.7 (11.8, 2.5–48.9) | 23.3 (16.4, 2.3–62.5) | 0.419a | 20.7 (12.5, 2.3–54.6) | 23.6 (16.3, 2.5–62.5) | 0.374a |
% Motility | 58.3 (11.2, 45–85) | 60 (11.9, 40–85) | 0.526a | 60.3 (9.7, 40–85) | 58.3 (13.2, 40–85) | 0.436a |
TMSC | 34.0 (24.2, 4.38–79.6) | 39.4 (30.9, 2.08–123) | 0.397a | 34.6 (27.7, 2.08–123) | 39.5 (28.8, 4.38–110) | 0.442a |
% Abnormal forms | 29.7 (12.1,15–55) | 26.5 (5.3, 10–40) | 0.113a | 28.6 (7.4, 15–55) | 27.2 (10.3, 10–55) | 0.473a |
BTV, mL | 30.5 (2.5, 24.9–37.9) | 30.7 (3.9, 22.7–38) | 0.814a | 30.9 (3.3, 22.7–38) | 30.3 (3.4, 22.8–37.9) | 0.375a |
PSV (cm/s) | 9.14 (1.4, 5.99–12.3) | 9.67 (1.5, 6–14.5) | 0.110a | 9.09 (1.4, 5.99–11.8) | 9.79 (1.5, 6–14.5) | 0.031a |
EDV (cm/s) | 3.91 (0.82, 2.63–5.87) | 4.99 (0.86, 3–7.32) | <0.001a | 4.29 (0.9, 2.63––6.09) | 4.77 (1.07, 3–7.32) | 0.030a |
RI | 0.55 (0.05,0.46–0.67) | 0.47 (0.05, 0.35–0.56) | <0.001a | 0.51 (0.06, 0.41–0.67) | 0.50 (0.07, 0.35–0.61) | 0.277a |
PI | 0.85 (0.12, 0.69–1.06) | 0.69 (0.09, 0.45–0.87) | <0.001a | 0.79 (0.12, 0. 56–1.06) | 0.74 (0.13, 0.45–0.96) | 0.067a |
Improvement, n (%) | 21 (60) | 31 (66) | 0.646b | 23 (58) | 29 (69) | 0.360b |
Hydrocele, n (%) | – | – | – | 2 (5) | 0 | 0.235b |
Venous backflow, n (%) | – | – | – | 7 (18) | 1 (2) | 0.027b |
Student’s t-test for unpaired data, left vs. bilateral varicocelectomy and high inguinal (Palomo) vs. inguinal approach.
Fisher’s exact test.