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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2009 Apr 23;458(3):111–115. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.039

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

β-Glucan-induced downregulation of TLR-mediated cytokine production is through Dectin-1 and does not require particle internalization. Primary microglia were left untreated (control) or were stimulated with β-glucan (100 µg/ml) (A–C), Pam3Csk4 (Pam; 1 µg/ml) (A), LPS (1 µg/ml) (B and C), combination of β-glucan with Pam3Csk4 (A) or combination of β-glucan with LPS (B and C) for 16 h. A subset of cells was pre-treated with glucan phosphate (GP; 100 µg/ml) (A and B) or cytochalasin D (Cyto D; 5 µM) (C) for 40 min before appropriate stimulation. Supernatants were then collected, and levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured using ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 3. *p < 0.05 compared with control. **p < 0.05 compared with Pam alone or LPS alone. ***p < 0.05 compared with β-glucan + Pam or β-glucan + LPS.