Table 2.
Serum 25OHDa, anthropometrics, dietary intake, and sedentary time by vitamin D status in children ages 1 to 18 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 (N=3,310)
| 25-OHD |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inadequate (<20 ng/mLb) (n=1,204) |
Adequate (20 to <30 ng/mLb) (n=1,463) |
Optimal (≥30 ng/mLb) (n=643) |
|||||
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Overall P valuec |
|
| 25OHD (ng/mLb) | 14.6 | 14.3-14.9 | 25.0 | 24.7-25.2d | 35.8 | 35.1-36.4d | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) (n=3,108) | 153 | 151-155 | 143 | 140-145d | 136 | 132-140d | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) (n=3,300) | 57.1 | 52.6-61.5 | 43.2 | 40.6-45.8d | 35.6 | 32.1-39.0d | <0.001 |
| BMIe percentile (n=2789) | 70.1 | 66.7-73.4 | 64.5 | 61.7-67.4f | 57.9 | 62.4-54.1d | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) (n=3,082)g |
76.1 | 73.4-78.9 | 68.0 | 66.5-69.5d | 63.1 | 60.9-65.6d | <0.001 |
| Total dietary vitamin D (IU/d)g | 213 | 199-228 | 298 | 284-314d | 312 | 288-338d | <0.001 |
| Total dietary energy (kcal/d)g | 1,837 | 1,773-1,904 | 1,893 | 1,824-1,963 | 1,834 | 1,770-1,900 | 0.25 |
| Total fat (g/d)g | 67.7 | 65.1-70.4 | 68.2 | 64.9-71.7 | 66.9 | 64.2-69.8 | 0.85 |
| Sedentary time (h/d) | 1.7 | 1.5-1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3-1.5d | 1.0 | 0.9-1.2d | <0.001 |
a
25OHD=25-hydroxyvitamin D.
b
To convert ng/mL 25OHD to nmol/L, multiply ng/mL by 2.496. To convert nmol/L 25OHD to ng/mL, multiply nmol/L by 0.4. 25OHD of 20 ng/mL=49.92 nmol/L.
c
All mean values presented are calculated with LSMEANS.
d
Mean is significantly different from inadequate 25OHD, P<0.001.
e
BMI=body mass index.
f
Mean is significantly different from inadequate 25OHD, P<0.05.
g
Values presented are geometric mean and 95% CI for waist circumference, dietary vitamin D, dietary energy, and dietary fat because of skewed distribution.