Figure 4.

The contents (N = 10–15 spittle masses, 2 g each) of (a) undecane, (b) dodecane, (c) tridecane, (d) tetradecane, (e) pentadecane and (f) hexadecane in different types of spittle masses. There were significant differences between the contents with different characters (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with LSD test). A: aggregation spittle mass produced by different instars nymphs (the nymphs in one spittle mass may be not at the same instar); S-1: solitary spittle mass produced by the first instar nymphs; S-2: solitary spittle mass produced by the second instar nymphs; S-3: solitary spittle mass produced by the third instar nymphs; S-4: solitary spittle mass produced by the fourth instar nymphs; S-5: solitary spittle mass produced by the fifth instar nymphs.