Table 1. Volatile composition (relative %; mean ± standard error) of cv.
Cobrançosa olives at different harvest times.
| 18th Jul | 18th Aug | 20th Sep | 4th Oct | 21st Oct | 9th Nov | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maturation index | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||
| Chemical class | Compound | P-value | ||||||
| Alcohols | ||||||||
| 3-methyl-1-butanol | - | - | 23.0 ± 1.3 | - | - | - | - | |
| 2-methyl-1-butanol | - | - | 12.6 ± 0.7 | - | - | - | - | |
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 5.8 ± 1.2 a | - | 9.1 ± 2.1 a | 25.7 ± 5.4 b | 6.2 ± 0.3 a | 5.0 ± 0.8 a | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Octanol | - | - | - | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.1 | - | |
| Aldehydes | ||||||||
| Hexanal | 5.9 ± 1.1 a | 11.0 ± 1.0 b | 6.5 ± 0.7 a | - | 4.3 ± 0.2 a | 4.4 ± 0.6 a | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Heptanal | - | - | - | - | 2.26 ± 0.1 a | 3.12 ± 0.3 b | 0.036 (1) | |
| Benzaldehyde | 0.7 ± 0.1 a | - | - | 3.5 ± 0.4 b | - | 4.6 ± 0.6 b | < 0.001 (2) | |
| Octanal | - | - | - | 2.7 ± 0.2 a | 5.0 ± 0.3 b | 5.4 ± 0.8 b | 0.001 (2) | |
| Nonanal | - | 8.6 ± 0.4 b,c | 5.8 ± 0.6 a | 10.3 ± 0.8 c | 9.5 ± 0.7 c | 6.3 ± 0.6 a,b | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Decanal | - | 7.5 ± 0.4 c | 2.3 ± 0.2 a | 4.8 ± 1.0 b | 4.5 ± 0.4 a,b | 2.4 ± 0.3 a | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Esters | ||||||||
| Butanoic acid methyl ester | 12.6 ± 0.8 b | 13.7 ± 1.1 b | 4.9 ± 0.4 a | - | - | - | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester | 1.1 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester | 3.1 ± 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate | 8.6 ± 1.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Ketones | ||||||||
| 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | - | 26.0 ± 3.7 b | - | - | - | 1.8 ± 0.2 a | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Sesquiterpenes | ||||||||
| α-Copaene | 1.7 ± 0.1a | 4.2 ± 0.2 b | 2.4 ± 0.2 a | 3.3 ± 0.3 a,b | 3.0 ± 0.2 a,b | 6.1 ± 0.8 c | < 0.001 (2) | |
| β-Caryophyllene | 0.3 ± 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Terpenes | ||||||||
| α -Pinene | - | - | - | 2.2 ± 0.3 a | 1.4 ± 0.0 a | - | 0.063 (1) | |
| ρ-Cymene | - | - | - | - | - | 1.8 ± 0.2 | - | |
| Limonene | 0.4 ± 0.0a | 5.7 ± 1.1 b | 7.2 ± 1.0 b,c | 8.7 ± 0.9 b-d | 12.1 ± 1.1 d | 10.6 ± 1.5 c,d | < 0.001 (1) | |
| Eucalyptol | - | - | - | - | - | 1.4 ± 0.1 | - | |
| (L)-Menthone | - | - | - | - | - | 0.9 ± 0.1 | - | |
| Menthol | - | - | - | - | 1.8 ± 0.2 a | 3.4 ± 0.4 b | 0.010 (1) | |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons | ||||||||
| Toluene | 46.4 ± 1.7d,e | 20.4 ± 2.3 a | 26.3 ± 2.7 a,b | 38.8 ± 2.9 c,d | 49.8 ± 2.4 e | 35.3 ± 1.4 b,c | < 0.001 (1) | |
| para-Xylene | 8.8 ± 1.5 b | 2.9 ± 0.5 a | - | - | - | 6.6 ± 0.7 a,b | 0.004 (1) | |
| ortho-Xylene | 4.6 ± 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
In the same line, mean values with different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05)
(1) P > 0.05, be means of Levene test. P values are those from one-way ANOVA analysis. Means were compared by Tukey’s test, since equal variances could be assumed
(2) P < 0.05, by means of Levene test. P values are those from one-way Welch ANOVA analysis. Means were compared by Dunnett T3’s test, since equal variances could not be assumed