Table 2. Health Care Access, Use, and Expenditures of US Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years With Diabetes, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2011 and 2012.
| Measurea | ≤138% Federal Poverty Level |
>138% Federal Poverty Level |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uninsured (95% CI) | Insured (95% CI) | P Valueb | Uninsured (95% CI) | Insured (95% CI) | P Valueb | |
| Access to and use of health care in 2011 or 2012 | ||||||
| Had a usual source of care | 69.0 (60.6–77.5) | 89.5 (86.3–92.7) | <.001 | 77.1 (71.0–83.1) | 94.6 (93.1–96.1) | <.001 |
| Unable to access necessary medical care | 18.5 (12.7–24.4) | 6.5 (4.1–8.8) | <.001 | 13.8 (7.9–19.6) | 2.5 (1.6–3.5) | <.001 |
| Unable to get necessary prescription medications | 17.6 (11.1–24.2) | 6.4 (3.9–8.9) | .002 | 9.0 (3.9–14.1) | 4.0 (2.7–5.3) | .06 |
| HbA1c test | 83.4 (76.4–91.3) | 95.6 (93.2–98.0) | .003 | 86.6 (79.2–94.0) | 97.5 (96.5–98.6) | .004 |
| Feet checked | 48.5 (38.9–58.0) | 67.0 (62.7–71.3) | <.001 | 49.9 (40.1–59.7) | 69.6 (66.6–72.7) | <.001 |
| Eye examination | 35.9 (27.5–44.2) | 58.1 (52.7–63.3) | <.001 | 38.8 (30.2–47.4) | 65.6 (62.1–69.1) | <.001 |
| Cholesterol check | 66.2 (58.5–73.9) | 77.4 (73.2–81.6) | .015 | 69.5 (62.4–76.6) | 88.1 (85.8–90.2) | <.001 |
| Influenza vaccine | 32.4 (25.3–39.6) | 57.2 (51.4–62.9) | <.001 | 37.8 (28.1–47.5) | 61.8 (58.6–64.9) | <.001 |
| Blood pressure check | 84.4 (79.3–89.4) | 96.5 (94.4–98.6) | <.001 | 90.3( 86.7–94.0) | 98.1 (97.4–98.8) | <.001 |
| Office visits, mean no. | 4.1 (3.0–5.2) | 11.0 (8.8–13.1) | <.001 | 4.6 (3.5–5.6) | 8.8 (7.9–9.7) | <.001 |
| Office visits, median no. | 2 | 5 | <.001 | 3 | 5 | <.001 |
| Total prescription fills in year, mean | 23.4 (18.7–28.0) | 51.3 (43.9–58.7) | <.001 | 23.5 (18.4–28.6) | 36.2 (34.0–38.6) | <.001 |
| Total prescription fills in year, median | 17 | 37 | <.001 | 15 | 25 | <.001 |
| Any emergency department visit | 19.3 (14.7–24.0) | 33.3 (28.3–38.2) | <.001 | 22.9 (16.4–29.4) | 21.9 (19.3–24.6) | .79 |
| Any inpatient nights | 8.9 (5.2–12.6) | 25.6 (20.8–30.3) | <.001 | 10.9 (5.7–16.1) | 14.7 (12.3–17.1) | .22 |
| Expenditures in 2011 or 2012, $c | ||||||
| Total, mean | 4,367 (2,558–6,176) | 13,706 (11,514–15,897) | <.001 | 4,419 (2,891–5,946) | 10,838 (9,796–11,879) | <.001 |
| Total, median | 1,297 | 6,382 | <.001 | 1,483 | 4,767 | <.001 |
| Out-of-pocket, mean | 1,177 (837–1,516) | 755 (620–889) | .021 | 1,490 (994–1,985) | 1,288 (1,175–1,401) | .43 |
| Out-of-pocket, median | 432 | 225 | .005 | 795 | 808 | .09 |
| Prescription drugs and diabetes supplies, mean | 1,194 (857–1,530) | 4,296 (3,295–5,298) | <.001 | 1,492 (946–2,037) | 3,414 (3,056–3,771) | <.001 |
| Prescription drugs and diabetes supplies, median | 355 | 1,894 | <.001 | 346 | 1,744 | <.001 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Values are percentages unless otherwise stated.
b
Tests of significance were computed using survey-specific t tests for continuous variables, proportions tests for binary variables, and nonparametric k-sample tests for medians. All results were weighted to be nationally representative.
c
Expenditures are as reported in current-year dollars. Measures refer to the full calendar year for respondents in either the 2011 or 2012 household component full-year consolidated Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data files. Samples were pooled as described in the methods section.