Table 2. Detailed Summary of Diabetes Prevention Programs Evaluated for Cultural Adaptations, United States, 2014.
| Author | Population | Program Modified |
Cultural Adaptation | Adaptation Process |
Formative Studies |
Content Category)a |
Nurturer/ Barriers)b |
Community Resources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atkinson et al, 2009 (28) | African American | Church-based DPP | Yes | Grounded theory | Yes | E, S, C | N, B | Church |
| Boltri et al, 2011 (30) | African American | Group lifestyle DPP |
Yes | — | No | S | N | Church |
| Boltri et al, 2008 (31) | African American | DPP | Yes | — | No | L, S | N | Church |
| Brown et al, 2010 (39) | Northern Plains, AI youth | DPP | Yes | CBPR | Yes | See below | N,B | Montana reservation |
| Brown et al, 2013 (40) | Northern Plains, AI youth |
DPP | Yes | — | See Brown et al, 2010 | P, L, E, S, C | N,B | Montana reservation |
| Burnet et al, 2011 (29) | African American (9-12 yrs) |
Reach out | Yes | — | Yes | L, S | N, B | — |
| Chasan-Taber et al, 2014 (17) | Latina (pregnant) | Lifestyle intervention |
Yes | Socio-cognitive/ TTM |
Yes | L | B | — |
| Coleman et al, 2010 (18) | Latino Family | DPP | Yes | — | No | L, S | N, B | School |
| Cox et al, 2013 (32) | African American, women |
DPP | Yes | — | No | C | — | — |
| Gutierrez et al, 2014 (43) | African American, Latino |
DPP | Yes | CBPR | Yes | L, S | N, B | Church |
| Islam et al, 2013 (37) | Korean American | DPP | Yes | CBPR | Yes | P, E, L, S | N, B | — |
| Jiang et al, 2013 (41) | AI/AN youth | DPP | Yes | — | Yes | S | N, B | — |
| Kramer et al, 2013 (19) | Hispanic | GLB (DPP adaptation) | Yes | — | No | L, S | N | WIC |
| Mau et al, 2010 (38) | Filipino, Pacific Islander | DPP | Yes | CBPR | Yes | P,E, L, S,C | — | Gurdwara sites |
| Martinez et al, 2012 (20) | Male Mexican Immigrant | Formative | Yes | Socio-Ecological Model | Yes | L, S | N, B | — |
| Melancon et al, 2009 (16) | Mexican American and Mexican Native | Formative | Yes | PEN-3 | Yes | S, C | N, B | — |
| Merriam et al, 2009 (see Ockene) (21) | Latino (Caribbean) |
DPP | Yes | — | No | P, L, S | — | YWCA |
| Millard et al, 2011 (22) | Immigrant Hispanic | Diabetes Empowerment Education Program | Yes | CBPR, TTM, Socio-Ecological Model | No | L, S, C | N, B | — |
| Ockene, et al, 2012 (23) | Dominican/Puerto Rican Spanish speakers | DPP | Yes | Socio-cognitive theory | Yes | L, S | B | YWCA |
| Osuna et al, 2011 (15) | Latino/a | Mediterranean Lifestyle Program | Yes | Castro et al, 2010 | Yes | P, L, S | N, B | — |
| Ramal et al, 2012 (24) | Latino/a, low-income | Formative | Yes | — | Yes | S | N, B | — |
| Ruggiero et al, 2007 (25) | Latino/a, | DPP | Yes | — | No | L, C | — | — |
| Ruggiero et al, 2011 (26) | Spanish speaking | DPP | Yes | CBPR | No | L, C | — | Community settings |
| Shaibi et al, 2012 (27) | Latino, adolescents | DPP | Yes | CBPR | No | S, C | N | YMCA |
| Sharma and Fleming, 2012 (33) | African American, youth | — | No | — | — | — | — | Community-based |
| Tang et al, 2014 (34) | African American | NDEP “Power to Prevent” | Yes | — | No | C | N | Church |
| Wells, 2011 (35) | African American | DPP | Yes | — | — | S | N,B | Church |
| Willging et al, 2006 (42) | American Indian, women, urban Southwest | DPP | Yes | — | Yes | P, S, C | N, B | — |
| Williams et al, 2013 (36) | African American | Fit Body and Soul | Yes | Socio-ecological | Yes | P, E, C | N | Church |
Abbreviations: —, information unavailable or ambiguous; AI, American Indian; AN, Alaska Native; CBPR, community-based participatory research; DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; NDEP, National Diabetes Education Program.
a
Content categories: P, peripheral; L, linguistic; E, evidential; S, sociocultural; C, constituent involving.
b
N, nurturers; B, barriers. Adapted from Airhihenbuwa (14).