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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 6.
Published in final edited form as: Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2014 Nov 18;52(6):651–659. doi: 10.1597/14-050

TABLE 2. Family Functioning Domains by Surgical Recommendation and Type of Surgery.

FES Domain Surgery
Recommended
(n = 433) 		No Surgery
Recommended
(n = 766) * 		t df P Aesthetic
(n = 225) 		Functional
(n = 208) 		t df P
Cohesion 57.92 ± 9.32 58.92 ± 8.47 1.86 1146 .063 57.06 ± 10.15 58.84 ± 8.28 −1.94 410 .053
Expressiveness 53.80 ± 9.95 54.19 ± 10.42 .61 1129 .543 52.69 ± 10.29 55.01 ± 9.46 −2.34 397 .020
Conflict 44.97 ± 9.86 44.88 ± 9.29 .16 1139 .876 46.35 ± 10.08 43.43 ± 9.41 3.00 403 .003
*

Surgery recommendation was unknown for one participant; the total reported here is n = 1199 for surgery recommendation (yes versus no). FES = Family Environment Scale.