Table 1.
Abnormalities in the gastrointestinal endocrine cells that regulate appetite in IBS patients
| Gastrointestinal segment | Hormone | Cell density | Hormone function | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBS-D | IBS-M | IBS-C | |||
| Stomach | Ghrelin | Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | Orexigenic (increases appetite) |
| Serotonin | Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | Anorexigenic (decreases appetite) | |
| Duodenum | CCK | Decreased | Unchanged | Unchanged | Anorexigenic (decreases appetite) |
| Serotonin | Unchanged | Unchanged | Unchanged | See above | |
| Ileum | PYY | Unchanged | Unchanged | Increased | Anorexigenic (decreases appetite) |
| Serotonin | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | See above | |
| Colon | PYY | Decreased | Unknown | Decreased | See above |
| Serotonin | Decreased | Unknown | Decreased | See above | |
| Rectum | PYY | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased | See above |
| Enteroglucagon | Decreased | Unknown | Decreased | Anorexigenic (decreases appetite) | |
| Serotonin | Unchanged | Unknown | Unchanged | See above | |
IBS-D, IBS patients with diarrhoea as the predominant symptom; IBS-M, IBS patients with alternating diarrhea and constipation; IBS-C, IBS patients with constipation as the predominant symptom.