Table 1.
Basic metabolic and clinical characteristics of subjects.
| Characteristics | Healthy | DM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | Females | Males | |
| Mean ± SD (median) | Mean ± SD (median) | Mean ± SD (median) | Mean ± SD (median) | |
| N | 143 | 126 | 164 | 118 |
| Age (years) | 56.8 ± 10.2 | 55.8 ± 11.4 | 62.1 ± 9.2 | 63.9 ± 8.7 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 25.3 ± 1.4 (25.5) | 26.7 ± 3.5 (25.7) | 32.03 ± 5.9 (30.83) | 31.84 ± 5.2 (30.77) |
| Waist (cm) | 78.5 ± 10.1 (79) | 85.5 ± 12.0 (83) | 112.5 ± 7.7 (105) | 113.0 ± 11.8 (111) |
| BP systolic (mmHg) | 122.53 ± 11.25 (120) | 128.51 ± 13.79 (130) | 142.17 ± 19.19 (140.5) | 149.31 ± 17.07 (148) |
| BP diastolic (mmHg) | 77.76 ± 8.90 (80) | 79.1 ± 9.12 (80) | 83.85 ± 11.40 (85) | 85.92 ± 10.17 (86) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.97 ± 0.80 (4.95) | 5.01 ± 1.05 (4.93) | 5.14 ± 1.08 (5.08) | 5.34 ± 1.02 (4.64) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.84 (1.08) | 1.57 ± 1.04 (1.35) | 1.98 ± 0.87 (1.81) | 2.24 ± 1.21 (1.8) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.71 ± 0.43 (1.69) | 1.33 ± 0.33 (1.29) | 1.32 ± 0.32 (1.27) | 1.18 ± 0.31 (1.15) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.68 ± 0.72 (2.62) | 2.98 ± 0.83 (2.92) | 3.17 ± 0.932 (3.16) | 3.0 ± 0.799 (2.92) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.16 ± 0.90 (4.9) | 5.4 ± 1.52 (5.1) | 8.39 ± 1.86 (8.22) | 8.43 ± 1.76 (8.4) |
| Insulin (mIU/L) | 10.64 ± 9.08 (7.5) | 11.87 ± 12.73 (8.25) | 13.97 ± 9.40 (10.7) | 14.88 ± 10.62 (11.8) |
| ApoA-1 (g/L) | 1.78 ± 0.31 (1.75) | 1.6 ± 0.24 (1.48) | 1.55 ± 0.25 (1.54) | 1.45 ± 0.23 (1.42) |
| ApoB (g/L) | 0.86 ± 0.20 (0.84) | 0.96 ± 0.25 (0.94) | 0.96 ± 0.23 (0.94) | 0.92 ± 0.23 (0.9) |
| Total adiponectin (mg/L) | 10.34 ± 4.59 (7.25) | 8.04 ± 5.104 (6.68) | 5.32 ± 1.47 (5.1) | 5.12 ± 1.72 (4.87) |
| HMW adiponectin (mg/L) | 4.71 ± 2.64 (4) | 4.46 ± 2.83 (3.8) | 2.92 ± 0.91 (2.9) | 3.03 ± 1.109 (2.8) |
| HMW/total adiponectin ratio | 0.45 ± 0.09 (0.56) | 0.55 ± 0.06 (0.55) | 0.54 ± 0.07 (0.57) | 0.59 ± 0.07 (0.59) |
| HOMA IR | 2.54 ± 2.50 (1.58) | 3.0 ± 3.72 (1.99) | 5.28 ± 3.90 (3.97) | 5.65 ± 4.69 (4.25) |
SD: standard deviation; M: male; F: female; BP: blood pressure; homeostasis model assessment.
HOMA IR = fasting insulin (IU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5.