Table 5.
Model 1: Unadjusted
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Model 2: Adjusted for age, nativity, and race/ethnicity
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Model 3: Adjusted for covariates in Model 2 + education and income
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Model 4: Adjusted for covariates in Model 2 + alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity
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Model 5: Adjusted for all covariates in Models 2, 3, and 4
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Stress score by sex | β(SE) | p value | β(SE) | p value | β(SE) | p value | β(SE) | p value | β(SE) | p value |
Males (N = 3,298) | ||||||||||
1–2 | 0.05 (0.08) | .52 | 0.05 (0.08) | .52 | 0.02 (0.07) | .76 | 0.03 (0.08) | .73 | 0.01 (0.07) | .91 |
3–4 | 0.11(0.08) | .16 | 0.09 (0.08) | .26 | 0.04(0.08) | .59 | 0.06 (0.08) | .46 | 0.03 (0.08) | .75 |
5 or more | 0.12(0.08) | .14 | 0.08 (0.07) | .31 | −0.01 (0.07) | .89 | 0.02 (0.08) | .82 | −0.04(0.08) | .58 |
None (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
Females (N = 3,369) | ||||||||||
1–2 | 0.07 (0.06) | .23 | 0.02 (0.05) | .71 | −0.01 (0.05) | .85 | 0.01 (0.06) | .90 | −0.01 (0.05) | .80 |
3–4 | 0.10(0.06) | .12 | 0.05 (0.06) | .46 | −0.00 (0.07) | .96 | 0.03 (0.06) | .65 | −0.01 (0.07) | .93 |
5 or more | 0.25 (0.07) | .001 | 0.17(0.08) | .03 | 0.09 (0.08) | .27 | 0.14(0.07) | .06 | 0.08 (0.08) | .29 |
None (reference) | – | – | – | – | – |
Note. All models take into account the complex sample design and sample weights. SE = standard error. Covariates were modeled as follows: race/ethnicity (White, non-White; reference = White); nativity (born in U.S., born outside of U.S.; reference = born in U.S.); high school degree or less (yes/no; reference = no); household income (missing, <$39,999; >$40,000; reference = >$40,000); smoking status (never, previous/intermittent, regular smoker; reference = never); low physical activity (yes/no; reference = no); and past-year binge drinking (yes/no; reference = no).