Table 6.

Convergent and discriminant validity.

Construct (abbreviation)	Average variance explained (AVE)	Composite reliability	R-square	Cronbach alpha	Communality	Redundancy
Family functionality (APGAR)	0.557	0.862	–	0.799	0.557	–
Confidence in management (CON)	0.667	0.923	0.335	0.899	0.667	0.222
Professional networking (OLN)	0.543	0.824	–	0.719	0.543	–
Shared vision (PNS)	0.502	0.887	0.361	0.851	0.502	0.179
Role clarity (RCL)	0.518	0.863	0.521	0.808	0.518	0.259
Effective family business culture (EFBC)	–	–	0.936	–	0.129	0.115
Perf. vs. comp.	–	–	0.493	–	0.242	(0.012)
Perf. vs. trend	–	–	0.508	–	0.345	(0.024)