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. 2015 May 13;15:148. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0651-2

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© Turowski et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effect of FS on Levels of Plasma Pro-Inflammatory Interleukin-1β. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β involved were determined from plasma samples collected during and after FS supplementation at week 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8. Values are reported as pg per ml of plasma. Panel A displays comparison between healthy controls (n = 5) and all cystic fibrosis patients (n = 10). Panel B displays comparison between healthy controls (n = 5), cystic fibrosis patients with low lignans (n = 6), and cystic fibrosis patients with high lignans (n = 4). * signifies p < 0.05 for comparison between any time point in each respective cohort versus baseline (pre-FS).