Table 1.

Summary of the characteristics of the Intrinsically disordered extensions presented in this review.

	Protein/Protein family	Protein role	Position of the extension	Role (or possible role) of the disordered extension	Particularities of the disordered extension*	References
Metabolism regulation	GAPDH GapB	Enzyme from the Benson-Calvin cycle	C-terminus	Autonomous redox regulation of the GAPDH activity	Pair of redox-sensitive cysteine residues	Cerff, 1979; Brinkmann et al., 1989; Baalmann et al., 1996; Li and Anderson, 1997; Scagliarini et al., 1998; Sparla et al., 2002; Petersen et al., 2006
	Rubisco Actlvase (α isoform)	Activator of the Rubisco enzyme	C-terminus	Possible redox regulation of the RCA activity	Pair of redox-sensitive cysteine residues	Werneke et al., 1989; Shen and Ogren, 1992; Zhang and Portis, 1999; Portis, 2003; Henderson et al., 2011; Stotz et al., 2011; Carmo-Silva and Salvucci, 2013; Gontero and Salvucci, 2014
Gene regulation	NAC family (No Apical Meristem, ATAF, Cup Shaped Cotyledon)	Transcription factors	C-terminus	Regulation of the NAC transcription factor domain through protein-protein interactions	Presence of multiple MoREs (conserved within a subfamily)	Ooka et al., 2003; Olsen et al., 2005; Jensen et al., 2010a,b; Kjaersgaard et al., 2011
	bZIP family (basic Leucine Zipper)	Transcription factors	N-terminus	Regulation of the bZIP transcription factor domain and its stability through protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications	Presence of multiple MoREs (conserved within a subfamily) Phosphorylation sites	Ang et al., 1998; Campbell et al., 2000; Hardtke et al., 2000; Moreau et al., 2004; Yoon et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2013
	TCP family [Teosinte branched 1 (tbl), Cycloidea (cyc) and Proliferating Cell Factor	Transcription factors	N-terminus and C-terminus	N-terminus: Binding of target DNA C-tenninus: TCP self-association and regulation	N-terminus: Induced-fit binding of DNA C-terminus: Coiled-coil self association	Viola et al., 2011, 2012; Steiner et al., 2012; Valsecchi et al., 2013
Signaling	GRAS family [Gibberellic Acid Insensitive (GAI). Repressor of Gai (RGA) and Scarecrow (SCR)]	Transcriptional co-activator	N-terminus	Regulation of the GRAS activator domain and its stability through protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications	Presence of multiple MoREs (conserved within a subfamily) Phosphorylation sites	Triezenberg, 1995; Czikkel and Maxwell, 2007; Sun et al., 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
	Cryptochiomes	Light-signaling Control of circadian and annual cyles	C-terminus	Protein-protein interaction upon captation of blue light: Initiation of developpemental responses	Presence of MoREs Multiple phosphorylation sites	Lin and Shalitin, 2003; Green, 2004; Partch et al., 2005; Yu et al., 2010; Chaves et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011a,b

^*All the extensions present features of “disorder”: enrichment in hydrophylic charged amino acids and few hydrophobic residues.