Substrate kinetics in response to peak exercise. A and D: carbohydrate (CHO; A) and fat oxidation (D) normalized to body weight (kg) raised to the 0.75 power at baseline (black bars) and at peak exercise (open bars) by indirect calorimetry. B and E: %change in CHO (B) and fat oxidation (E) relative to baseline. C and F: CHO (C) and fat oxidation (F) as %total oxidation. For each group/variable (i.e. all data), male mice were used (12 wk, fasted 4 h; n = 26 control, 14 SMAKO, and 15 AAKO). a,bP ≤ 0.05 for group difference; noncorresponding letters are different. c,dP < 0.05 for peak exercise group difference; noncorresponding letters are different. *P < 0.05, effect of exercise.