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Roflumilast (Rof) enhances intracellular cAMP production in airway epithelia exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Intracellular cAMP levels were measured by ELISA in HBECs pretreated with roflumilast, exposed to air or CS, and then stimulated with 0.5 μM ADO mucosally; n = 12. *P < 0.05 vs. control. ***P < 0.001 vs. control.
