Table 2.

Results from Sampling-Weighted, Multivariable-Adjusted Logistic Regression Models of Polypharmacy Associations

Exposures		Sampling-Weighted Polypharmacy Model ORs (95% CI)
		Crude (CI)	Model 1* (CI)	Model 2† (CI)	Model 3‡ (CI)
Region	Northeast	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Midwest	1.04 (0.83–1.31)	1.07 (0.86–1.34)	1.03 (0.82–1.29)	1.01 (0.78–1.32)
	West	1.08 (0.86–1.37)	1.08 (0.86–1.37)	1.14 (0.90–1.45)	1.23 (0.93–1.62)
	South	1.61 (1.32–1.96)	1.59 (1.30–1.94)	1.51 (1.23–1.85)	1.48 (1.17–1.87)
Race	White	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Black	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.07 (0.97–1.18)	0.90 (0.81–1.00)	0.63 (0.55–0.72)
Gender	Male	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Female	1.55 (1.39–1.73)	1.50 (1.34–1.68)	1.35 (1.20–1.51)	1.94 (1.68–2.23)

Statistically Significant Estimates are Bolded

For model covariate possible values see Table 1

^*Adjusted for Demographics (Age, Race, Gender, Region)

^†Adjusted for Demographics + SES Factors (Education, Income)

^‡Adjusted for Demographics + SES Factors + Comorbidities (Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease History)

CI: confidence interval

OR: odds ratio for being polypharmacy (≥ 8 total ingredients) positive

Ref: reference group