Figure 4. Depletion of ImpL2 from esg^ts>yki^act Midgut Rescues Systemic Reduction of Insulin/IGF Signaling and Hyperglycemia.

(A) Heat map showing expression of the Foxo target gene set. Foxo target genes are annotated from DrolD (Murali et al., 2011).

(B) Normalized expression levels of Thor (human 4E-BP ortholog). The values shown are mean ± SEMs. The asterisk denotes statistically significant difference from control (adjusted p = 1.239 × 10 ⁻⁸⁷; p values are adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, which controls the false discovery rate; Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995).

(C) Akt1 phosphorylation in muscle and head at 8 days of induction.

(D) Relative expression levels of ImpL2 mRNA in the midgut, muscle, ovary, head, and fat body. The active form of yki (yki^act) was expressed in the midgut with esg^ts for 6 days. The values are mean ± SDs. *p < 0.05, unpaired Student's t test.

(E) Circulating trehalose concentrations at 8 days of induction.

(F) Trehalose levels in the whole-body void at 6 days of induction. The measurements are normalized to total protein amounts.

The resultsshown in (E) and (F) are mean ± SEMs. *p ≥ 0.05 (Student's t test) compared to control other than when indicated by a bracket.

(G) Midgut morphology. GFP is driven by esg^ts and UAS-GFP. Nuclei are marked with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). The arrows indicate the posterior end of the midgut. The genotype of control is esg-GAL4, tub-GAL80^ts, UAS-GFP/+, yki^act is esg-GAL4, tub-GAL80^ts, UAS-GFP/+; UAS-yki^act/+, yki^act, ImpL2^Def20 is esg-GAL4, tub-GAL80^ts, UAS-GFP/+; UAS-yki^act, ImpL2^Def20/ImpL2^Def20, 15009R-3 is esg-GAL4, tub-GAL80^ts, UAS-GFP/15009R-3 (UAS-ImpL2 RNAi from the National Institute of Genetics, Japan), 15009R-3; yki^act is esg-GAL4, tub-GAL80^ts, UAS-GFP/15009R-3; UAS-yki^act/+, and ImpL2^Def20 is esg-GAL4, tub-GAL80^ts, UAS-GFP/+;ImpL2^Def20/ImpL2^Def20.