Table 1.
Summary of features of select human HMG box proteins.
| Protein | # of HMG boxes | DNA specificity | Function | Known Interacting Proteins | Known HMG-box Postranslational Modificationsa | Referencec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMGB1 | 2 | NSS | Chromatin binding architectural, DNA repair, DAMP | TLR2, TLR4, RAGE, Beclin1, Progesterone receptor, RAG1, p53, p73 b | K3a^, K12a, S35p, S39p, K43a, K44a, K55a, K82a^, S100p, Y109p, K114u, K157a, K157u, Y162p, S181p^ | [11, 53, 63, 71] |
| HMGB2 | 2 | NSS | Chromatin binding, DNA repair | SET, Oct1, RAG1, p53 b | Y16p, S35p, K55a, K114u, K139a, K139u, K141u, K157a, K157u, Y162p | [6, 10] |
| UBF | 6 | NSS | Ribosomal RNA transcription | TATA binding protein, RRN3, Pol I, Casein kinase 2 α 1 b | T117p, T201p, K352a, S412p, S449p | [83] |
| TFAM | 2 | SS/NSS | Mitochondrial DNA transcription and protection | TFB2M, TFB1M, POLRMT b | S55p, K62u, K76u, K118u, S193p, K186u, K190u, S193p, S195p | [8] |
| Lef1 | 1 | SS | Wnt Signalling, Pre B Cell and T Cell development | Runt related transcription factor 2, CREB binding protein, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD7, Caudal type homeobox, ALX, PIASY b | K324u, K347u, Y363p | [84] |
| Sry | 1 | SS | Male sex determination | p300, Imp-β, CaM* | Y127p | [85] |
| Sox2 | 1 | SS | Stem Cell differentiation | Oct4 b | K73a | [66, 86] |
| Sox4 | 1 | SS | Neurological development | β-catenin, sydecan-binding protein 1 | Y123p, Y126p | [87] |
| Sox5 | 1 | SS | Cell fate determination | SMAD1, SMAD5, SMAD7 | K595a | [88] |
| Sox7 | 1 | SS | Embryo development, Wnt signalling repression | SMAD5, SMAD7 b | S76p, Y112p | [88] |
| Sox9 | 1 | SS | Skeletal development, male sex determination | p300, Imp-β, CaM, CRM1 b | K141a | [85] |
| Sox17 | 1 | SS | Embryo development, Wnt signalling repression | β-catenin | None | [87] |
| PMS1 | 1 | NSS | DNA mismatch repair | MLH1 | Y620p | [21] |
| TCF3 | 1 | SS | Neuronal cell differentiation | CREB binding protein, p300 b | K394u, Y396p | [89] |
a
Postranslational modifications abbreviations are as follows: p-phosphorylation, a-acetylation, s-sumolation, m-methylation, u-ubiquitination. Human postranslational modifications on HMG-box regions of the proteins were identified using PhosphoSitePlus [90].
^
These postranslational modifications do not occur on the the HMG box.
b
Several additional proteins not listed have been identifed to interact with the HMG protein in this row.
c
Refererences indicate protein-protein interactions.