Gene expression in mouse skin after treatment with interleukin-13 (IL-13), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) via 7-day subcutaneous pump. A, Two main clusters showing several genes highly expressed in all 3 treatment groups (IL-13, TSLP, and TGFβ) compared to control (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]–treated local skin [LS] and PBS-treated distal skin [DS]). Several genes were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to confirm their high expression in the skin of mice receiving each treatment (n = 3 in the PBS, IL-13, and TGFβ groups; n = 6 in the TSLP group; 2 independent experiments). Green represents low expression; red represents high expression. B–G, Expression of mRNA for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) (B), CXCL5 (C), secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP-2) (D), type 2 nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) (E), CXCL9 (F), and arginase 1 (Arg1) (G). * = P = 0.03 versus all other groups in B, D, and E; * = P < 0.01 versus all other groups in C. P values are versus PBS in F and G. Values are the mean ± SEM fold change normalized to mRNA expression in 1 PBS-treated sample.