Table 5.

Summary of significant interactions between carotenoid levels (>/< median)^a and SNPs in CAT, SOD2, GPX1, MPO and BCMO1 on breast cancer risk in NHSII

Carotenoid	Gene	rs Number	Genotype	Minor allele frequency, cases/controls (%)	Mean carotenoid level, ug/dLb	P-valuec	Low carotenoid	High carotenoid
							Per-minor allele RR (95% CI)d	Per-minor allele RR (95% CI) d	Pinteraction
β-carotene	CAT	208679	AA	88/87	24	0.15	0.76 (0.45, 1.27)	1.07 (0.65, 1.77)	0.04
			AG	12/12	21
			GG	0.0/0.6	20
	GPX1	17080528	CC	44/47	25	0.22	0.79 (0.61, 1.03)	1.10 (0.85, 1.41)	0.04
			CT	47/41	23
			TT	9/12	23
β-cryptoxanthin	CAT	11032686	GG	80/84	10	0.02	0.99 (0.65, 1.52)	1.98 (1.26, 3.10)	0.01
			AG	19/16	8.7
			AA	0.7/0.5	9.2
	CAT	1535721	GG	62/63	10	0.01	0.88 (0.65, 1.19)	1.26 (0.92, 1.71)	0.04
			AG	35/33	9.4
			AA	3/5	8.4
	CAT	7947841	GG	79/84	10	0.03	1.12 (0.74, 1.70)	2.00 (1.28, 3.12)	0.01
			AG	20/16	8.8
			AA	1/0.6	8.5
Lutein/zeaxanthin	SOD2	5746151	CC	88/89	17	0.58	1.69 (1.01, 2.83)	0.92 (0.56, 1.52)	0.02
			CT	10/10	17
			TT	1/0.5	23
Lycopene	SOD2	2758352	GG	64/62	41	0.004	1.10 (0.82, 1.49)	0.74 (0.55, 1.00)	0.02
			AG	32/33	44
			AA	3/5	48
	SOD2	2077560	TT	25/26	46	0.01	1.06 (0.83, 1.35)	1.20 (0.94, 1.54)	0.02
			AT	49/52	42
			AA	26/22	41
	SOD2	2758329	TT	24/26	45	0.03	1.14 (0.89, 1.45)	1.10 (0.85, 1.41)	0.04
			CT	51/52	42
			CC	25/22	41
	SOD2	5746151	CC	88/89	42	0.22	1.51 (0.91, 2.49)	1.01 (0.61, 1.69)	0.02
			CT	10/10	44
			TT	1/0.5	57
Total carotenoids	CAT	1535721	GG	62/63	109	0.06	0.96 (0.70, 1.30)	1.14 (0.85, 1.54)	0.02
			AG	35/33	106
			AA	3/5	91
	CAT	208679	AA	88/87	108	0.07	0.66 (0.40, 1.11)	1.27 (0.75, 2.13)	0.02
			AG	12/12	101
			GG	0.0/0.6	82
	GPX1	17080528	CC	44/47	107	0.60	0.88 (0.67, 1.14)	1.00 (0.78, 1.29)	0.02
			CT	47/41	106
			TT	9/12	105

^aCarotenoid values dichotomized at median;

^bCarotenoid levels from age-adjusted generalized linear models among controls only;

^cType III Wald P-value from modeling number of minor alleles continuously;

^dOR (95% CI) calculated from unconditional age-adjusted logistic regression models;

^eP-heterogeneity from likelihood ratio tests with 1 degree of freedom. NOTE: Frequencies may not add up to 100% due to rounding.