. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Emotion. 2015 Feb 2;15(3):360–372. doi: 10.1037/emo0000040

Table 2.

Four Multi-level Models of Whether Dynamic RSA Changes were Associated with Adolescent Emotion Regulation and Adjustment (Level 2 Results)

Fixed Effect	Model 1 Sadness Regulation			Model 2 Anger Regulation			Model 3 Prosocial Behavior			Model 4 Aggressive Behavior

	Coefficient	SE	t	Coefficient	SE	t	Coefficient	SE	t	Coefficient	SE	t
b₀ (RSA Baseline)
γ₀₀ (Intercept)	7.23^***	0.11	67.99	7.24^***	0.10	69.35	7.25^***	0.10	69.52	7.27^***	0.11	66.59
γ₀₁ (Predictor)	0.30	0.19	1.57	0.33^†	0.18	1.79	0.68^**	0.24	1.99	−0.33	0.22	−1.47
γ₀₂ (Sex)	−0.001	0.21	−0.01	−0.02	0.21	−0.11	0.17	0.21	0.81	0.004	0.21	0.02
γ₀₃ (Age)	−0.08	0.05	−1.65	−0.08^†	0.04	−1.74	−0.07	0.04	−1.69	−0.05	0.05	−1.04
b₁ (Respiration Rate)
γ₁₀ (Intercept)	−0.01^*	0.006	−2.13	−0.01^**	0.01	−2.53	−0.02^*	0.01	−2.37	−0.02^*	0.006	−2.57
γ₁₁ (Predictor)	−0.02^†	0.01	−1.94	−0.03^**	0.01	−3.27	−0.03^*	0.01	−2.35	0.02	0.01	1.53
γ₁₂ (Sex)	−0.01	0.01	−0.52	−0.004	0.01	−0.40	−0.01	0.01	−1.15	−0.01	0.01	−0.44
γ₁₃ (Age)	0.001	0.003	0.46	0.001	0.002	0.55	0.001	0.003	0.51	−0.00	0.003	−0.08
b₂ (RSA Linear Change)
γ₂₀ (Intercept)	−0.38^**	0.12	−3.21	−0.40^***	0.11	−3.56	−0.43^***	0.12	−3.67	−0.44^**	0.13	−3.48
γ₂₁ (Predictor)	−0.48^*	0.24	−2.04	−0.74^**	0.17	−4.32	−1.02^*	0.27	−3.82	0.16	0.27	0.60
γ₂₂ (Sex)	0.18	0.24	0.74	0.21	0.23	0.92	−0.10	0.25	−0.40	0.24	0.25	0.97
γ₂₃ (Age)	0.04	0.05	0.80	0.05	0.05	0.91	0.04	0.05	0.82	0.03	0.06	0.44
b₃ (RSA Quadratic Change)
γ₃₀ (Intercept)	0.09^**	0.03	2.77	0.10^**	0.03	3.09	0.10^**	0.03	3.26	0.10^**	0.03	3.04
γ₃₁ (Predictor)	0.15^*	0.07	2.19	0.20^**	0.05	4.35	0.30^***	0.07	4.03	−0.03	0.08	−0.42
γ₃₂ (Sex)	−0.05	0.06	−0.76	−0.06	0.06	−0.93	0.03	0.07	0.47	−0.07	0.07	−1.02
γ₃₃ (Age)	−0.01	0.01	−0.62	−0.01	0.01	−0.72	−0.01	0.01	−0.58	−0.01	0.02	−0.38

Random Effect	Variance Component	χ² (df)	p	Variance Component	χ² (df)	p	Variance Component	χ² (df)	p	Variance Component	χ² (df)	p

υ₀ (RSA Baseline)	1.35	860.69 (159)	.000	1.36	874.41 (159)	.000	1.33	876.90 (159)	.000	1.34	846.59 (159)	.000
υ₂ (RSA Linear Change)	0.40	234.16 (159)	.000	0.38	231.10 (159)	.000	0.39	233.26 (159)	.000	0.39	231.86 (159)	.000
υ₃ (RSA Quadratic Change)	0.02	202.27 (159)	.012	0.02	200.69 (159)	.014	0.02	200.24 (159)	.015	0.02	202.18 (159)	.012
Level-1 error, ε_t	0.32			0.32			0.32			0.32

^†

Note. p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.