Table 3.
Multivariable analysis of tricuspid regurgitation combined with right heart size and function.
| Variable | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Right ventricular function and tricuspid regurgitation | ||
| Model 1 | ||
| TR severity (moderate/severe vs. no/trace/mild) | 1.73 (1.09, 2.75) | 0.02 |
| RV dysfunction (any) vs. normal | 1.11 (0.70, 1.75) | 0.67 |
| Model 2 | ||
| Groups (referent: no/trace/mild TR and normal RV function) | --- | --- |
| RV dysfunction (any) and no/trace/mild TR | 1.21 (0.65, 2.23) | 0.55 |
| Normal RV function and mod/severe TR | 1.88 (1.03, 3.44) | 0.040 |
| RV dysfunction (any) and mod/severe TR | 1.90 (1.07, 3.37) | 0.03 |
| Right ventricular size and tricuspid regurgitation | ||
| Model 1 | ||
| TR severity (moderate/severe vs. no/trace/mild) | 1.60 (1.00, 2.55) | 0.048 |
| RV dilation (any) vs. normal | 1.54 (0.99, 2.41) | 0.058 |
| Model 2 | ||
| Groups (referent: no/trace/mild TR and normal RV size) | ||
| RV dilation (any) and no/trace/mild TR | 1.42 (0.72, 2.83) | 0.31 |
| Normal RV size and mod/severe TR | 1.52 (0.85, 2.70) | 0.15 |
| RV dilation (any) and mod/severe TR | 2.49 (1.46, 4.25) | <0.001 |
| Right atrial index and tricuspid regurgitation | ||
| Model 1 | ||
| TR severity (moderate/severe vs. no/trace/mild) | 1.57 (0.98, 2.49) | 0.058 |
| RA area index ≥ vs. < optimal cut-point* | 1.39 (0.86, 2.26) | 0.18 |
| Model 2 | ||
| Groups (referent: no/trace/mild TR and RA area index <cut-point) | --- | --- |
| RA area index (≥ optimal cut-point) and no/trace/mild TR | 1.56 (0.90, 2.70) | 0.11 |
| RA area index < optimal cut-point and mod/severe TR | 2.10 (0.92, 4.78) | 0.08 |
| RA area index (≥ optimal cut-point) and mod/severe TR | 2.18 (1.21, 3.94) | 0.009 |
Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models evaluating the association between tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity (moderate/severe vs. no/trace/mild) combined with right heart size and function and 1-year all-cause death. All results are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, STS score, prior infarct, prior CABG, frailty, permanent pacemaker, atrial arrhythmia, aortic valve mean gradient, left ventricular ejection fraction, and mitral regurgitation. For each set of variables (RV function + TR, RV size + TR, and RA area index + TR), there are 2 models shows. In each case, model 1 includes TR severity and the right heart variable (RV function, RV size, or RA area index) as individual variables in the model, adjusted for the variables listed above. Model 2 combines TR severity and the right heart variable to create 4 groups as described, adjusted for the same variables.
RA area index optimal cut-point: 9.16 cm2/m2
Abbreviations: Refer to Table 1.