Table 2.
Comparison between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients presenting with acute kidney injury
| HIV positive (n = 50) | HIV negative (n = 90) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 37.4±10.5 | 45.2 ± 17.0 | 0.004 |
| Gender (male) | 28 (56%) | 55 (61%) | 0.249 |
| Race (black) | 49 (98%) | 67 (74%) | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidity | |||
| Hypertension | 2 (4%) | 19 (21%) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (4%) | 13 (14%) | 0.014 |
| Tuberculosis | 13 (26%) | 2 (2%) | <0.001 |
| HBV co-infection | 2 (4%) | – | – |
| Aetiology | |||
| Sepsis | 31 (62%) | 39 (43%) | 0.035 |
| Haemodynamic | 10 (20%) | 15 (17%) | 0.391 |
| Toxins | 5 (10%) | 6 (7%) | 0.258 |
| Obstruction | 4 (8%) | 7 (8%) | 0.600 |
| Miscellaneous | 5 (10%) | 21 (23%) | 0.040 |
| Referral wards | |||
| Medical | 37 (74%) | 43 (48%) | 0.019 |
| Surgical | 4 (8%) | 22 (24%) | |
| ICU | 6 (12%) | 15 (17%) | |
| Obstetrics and Gynaecology | 3 (6%) | 10 (11%) | |
| Dialysed | 18 (36%) | 35 (39%) | 0.440 |
| Kidney size | |||
| Right | 12.1 ± 1.36 | 11.0 ± 1.64 | 0.022 |
| Left | 12.2 ± 1.48 | 11.2 ± 1.29 | 0.040 |
| Electrolytes | |||
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 132 ± 7.10 | 139 ± 9.76 | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 1.28 | 4.5 ± 1.21 | 0.042 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 98 ± 8.74 | 103 ± 10.67 | 0.012 |
| CO2 (mmol/L) | 14.7 ± 5.74 | 19.4 ± 7.43 | <0.001 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 34.5 ± 21.76 | 23.3 ± 17.67 | 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 619 ± 406.88 | 455 ± 560.93 | 0.072 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.22 | 2.3 ± 0.18 | 0.160 |
| Magnesium (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.25 | 0.9 ± 0.30 | 0.005 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 2.5 ± 0.97 | 1.8 ± 1.04 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.0 ± 3.01 | 10.8 ± 3.09 | 0.137 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 27.2 ± 8.37 | 28.6 ± 8.56 | 0.337 |
| Urine P:C | 0.26 ± 0.25 | 0.28 ± 0.36 | 0.841 |
| In-hospital mortality | 22 (44%) | 42 (47%) | 0.450 |