Table 5.
Patents for radiation countermeasures (protectors, mitigators and therapeutics/treatments).
| Patent/application number∗ | Year of publication | Inventor(s) | Molecule/compound details | Properties/purpose of the patent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110178016 A1 | 2011 | Bartholomew et al. | Pulse parathyroid hormone | Stimulates hematopoiesis post-radiation |
| US20110020432 A1 | 2011 | Cunningham | RL1P76 protein or an active fragment | Mitigation when administered >24h post-radiation, low toxicity |
| US20110225661 A1 | 2011 | Deng et al. | Extracellular superoxide dismutase-mesenchymal stem cells | Treats and prevents radiation damage by promoting antioxidant activity |
| US20110288178 A1 | 2011 | Epperly et al. | Glyburide (sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug) and potassium channel inhibitors | Radioprotectant by inhibiting apoptosis |
| US20110236346 A1 | 2011 | Gelder et al. | Muramyl dipeptide microparticle | Prevents damage of and recovers the hematopoietic system post-radiation |
| WO2011/053700 A1 | 2011 | Ho Kim et al. | CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100 | Mitigates radiation injury by mobilizing progenitor cells |
| US20110135641 A1 | 2011 | Isenberg et al. | Thrombospondin-1 and/or CD47 inhibitor | Provides radioresistance and advanced healing |
| US20110218143 A1 | 2011 | Kaushal et al. | Celastrol | Treats radiation damage through tissue repair and hematopoiesis |
| US7919525 B1 | 2011 | Kumar et al. | γ-tocotrienol (or its succinate) or α-tocopherol succinate | Prevents, mitigates, and treats radiation-induced internal damage |
| US8007786 B2 | 2011 | Mancini | Mn-SOD | Continual administration protects against radiation damage |
| US20110028504 A1 | 2011 | Maniar et al. | α, β unsaturated aryl sulfones, ON.1210.Na/Ex-RAD | Protects against and mitigates radiation injury |
| CN101972239A | 2011 | Ning et al. | 6-Gingerol | Protects against hematopoietic injury induced by radiation |
| US20110207663 A1 | 2011 | Okunieff et al. | Fibroblast growth factor peptide (FGF-P) | Radiomitigator through hematopoiesis and DNA repair |
| US20110144024 A1 | 2011 | Petersen et al. | Thrombomodulin | Treatment of diseases produced by ARS |
| US20110172179 A1 | 2011 | Prasad et al. | Micronutrient formulations | Radioprotector |
| US7897567 B2 | 2011 | Rudolph et al. | α-thymosin | Protects against GI injury post-radiation |
| CN102048812A | 2011 | Saijun et al. | Tulasi leaf extract | Prevents and treats radiation damage through antioxidant properties |
| RU2475541 | 2011 | Sazykin et al. | Deinoxanthine-carotenoid from Deinococcus radiodurans | Bacterium has radioresistance |
| US8008347 B2 | 2011 | Schellenberg et al. | Methoxypolyethylene glycol thioester chelate methyl ester | Radioprotector |
| US20110224221 A1 | 2011 | Sharpless, NE, et al. | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor | Protects from radiation effects |
| US8003756 B2 | 2011 | Turdiev | Tetrapeptide FTGN | Radiomitigator through hematopoiesis |
| CN102389511B | 2011 | Zhangen et al. | Chinese medicine powder | Radioprotector, low toxicity |
| US8299277 B2 | 2012 | Anzai et al. | Tocopherol/tocotrienol ester derivatives | Radiomitigator |
| CA2645550 C | 2012 | Benner et al. | Small peptide chains (<30 amino acids) | Protects against and treats radiation injury |
| US20120029071 A1 | 2012 | Biswal et al. | Nrf activators, CDDO-Me (synthetic triterpenoid bardoxolone methyl) | Mitigates through antioxidant activity |
| US20120046354 A1 | 2012 | Ehrenpreis et al. | Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) | Radiomitigator/therapy |
| US20120207687 A1 | 2012 | Falo et al. | Nitroxide agents | Radiomitigator of skin damage |
| US8252587 B2 | 2012 | Fong et al. | Myeloid progenitor cells | Treats radiation injury by stimulating hematopoiesis |
| US8304439 B2 | 2012 | Gebicki et al. | 1-Methylnicotinamide Chloride, 1,4-Dimethylpyridinium Chloride and 1-Methyl-3-Acetylpyridinium Chloride |
Radioprotectors |
| US20120087994 A1 | 2012 | Guilford et al. | N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) | Mitigates radiation-induced pulmonary injury |
| US20120244169 A1 | 2012 | Lipson et al. | Anti-connective tissue growth factor agent | Mitigates radiation injury of heart and lung tissues |
| US20120283329 A1 | 2012 | Perrine et al. | S-isomer of α-methyl-hydrocinnamic acid | Reduces hematopoietic radiation damage by stimulating myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis |
| US20120322751 A1 | 2012 | Piljac | Rhamnolipid BAC-3 | Mitigates combined injury effects |
| EP2089401 B1 | 2012 | Richter et al. | Tri-substituted glycerol compounds | Protects against neutron and gamma radiation |
| US20120321667 A1 | 2012 | Sentman | TCR-deficient T cells | Treats radiation injury through hematopoiesis/therapy |
| US8288335 B2 | 2012 | Vitek et al. | Truncated ApoE peptide, COG133 | Mitigates radiation injury by reducing inflammation |
| US20130203829 A1 | 2013 | Atkinson et al. | Cyt-C/Cardiolipin complexes (TPP-IOA and TPP-ISA) | Protects and mitigates radiation injury through apoptosis |
| US20130243873 A1 | 2013 | Aversa et al. | Hydroxylase inhibitor | Mitigates injury by reducing GI inflammation |
| US8486410 B2 | 2013 | Awasthi et al. | RalBP1 | Radioprotector |
| US8372389 B2 | 2013 | Axelrod et al. | Hyper-IL-6 | Prevents radiation-induced xerostomia |
| US20130243722 A1 | 2013 | Basile et al. | IL-12 | Protects from and treats radiation damage |
| US20130158106 A1 | 2013 | Breen et al. | Tocoflexols | More effective radioprotector than tocols |
| US20130101574 A1 | 2013 | Carney | Thrombin peptide derivative (TP508) | Mitigates combined injury effects and treats endothelial tissue |
| WO2013009753 A3 | 2013 | Chandan et al. | Bone marrow stromal cells | Protects from and treats radiation damage |
| US20130236453 A1 | 2013 | Croce et al. | miR-155-deficient splenocytes | Post-irradiation therapy |
| US20130164333 A1 | 2013 | Debelak et al. | Immunostimulatory oligoribonucleotides | Mitigates immune suppression due to radiation |
| US8551530 B2 | 2013 | Elder et al. | Genistein suspension | Radioprotector |
| US8609655 B2 | 2013 | Geibel et al. | Calcimimetic | Treats epithelial injury post-radiation |
| WO2013032893 A1 | 2013 | Giaccia et al. | Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (dimethyloxalyl glycine) | Protects and treats GI tract radiation injury-after radiation exposure |
| US8580321 B2 | 2013 | Gudkov et al. | Bacterial flagellin or its fragments | Protects against radiation-induced hematopoietic and GI damages |
| US8455250 B2 | 2013 | Heidaran et al. | Placental stem cells and progenitor cells | Reduces extent of radiation injury |
| US20130273011 A1 | 2013 | Ichim et al. | Endometrial regenerative cells (ERC) | Reduces hematopoietic damage due to radiation |
| US8349888 B2 | 2013 | Landauer et al. | Genistein or phytoestrogenic isoflavonoids | Protects against and treats radiation injury |
| US20130216587 A1 | 2013 | Mikaelian | Polarized scorpion venom solution | Mitigates inflammation, therapy |
| US20130274187 A1 | 2013 | Mogelsvang et al. | SP16 peptide | Mitigates symptoms |
| US20130316942 A1 | 2013 | Mograbi et al. | Short peptides | Mitigates inflammation |
| US8563531 B2 | 2013 | Ostroff et al. | β-glucan | Oral radioprotectant through hematopoietic stimulation |
| US20130344061 A1 | 2013 | Palombella et al. | LY294002 | Protects and mitigates radiation damage by inhibiting phosphoinisitide-3 kinase |
| US8518898 B2 | 2013 | Park et al. | Hesperidin | Radiomitigator |
| US20130259930 A1 | 2013 | Prendergast, PT | Oltipraz | Radioprotector |
| US20130123190 A1 | 2013 | Rodgers et al. | NorLeu3-A(1-7) | Treats radiation burns |
| WO2013138600 A1 | 2013 | Rosen et al. | 3,3 ’-Diindolylmethane (DIM) | Prevents radiation damage by activating cell cycle arrest (ATM kinase) |
| US8562993 B2 | 2013 | Rotolo et al. | Anti-ceramide antibody | Treats and prevents radiation-induced GI syndrome |
| US20130004584 A1 | 2013 | Rzigalinski et al. | Cerium oxide nanoparticles | Reduces cell damage from free radical exposure |
| US20130231518 A1 | 2013 | Schiestl et al. | Yel002 | Mitigates tissue damage and DNA repair post-radiation |
| US8524668 B2 | 2013 | Shakhov, A, et al. | NF-κB inducing lipopeptides | Protects against radiation-induced apoptosis |
| WO2013151698 A1 | 2013 | Vujaskovic et al. | Cerium oxide nanoparticles | Protects against and mitigates radiation injury |
| US20130267456 A1 | 2013 | Wang et al. | Smad7 protein | Reduces oral inflammation |
| WO2013181338 A1 | 2013 | Weiler-Guettler et al. | Activated protein c polypeptides | Treats and prevents radiation injury |
| US8609850 B2 | 2013 | Wipf et al. | Mitochondria-targeted nitroxides | Prevention and treatment of radiation injury |
| US20130064865 A1 | 2013 | Yen | Submicron protein particles | Treats hematopoietic system post-radiation |
| EP2689008 A1 | 2014 | Aberman et al. | Adherent stromal cells | Aids in hematopoietic recovery |
| US20140080785 A1 | 2014 | Baker et al. | Polyglucosamine | Mitigates radiation-induced damage and prevents sepsis |
| US8685951 B2 | 2014 | Basnakian et al. | Zinc (II) chelates of aminothiols | Protects against and prevents radiation damage through antioxidant properties |
| US20140088052 A1 | 2014 | Biswal et al. | Chalcone derivatives | Protects against and mitigates radiation injury through hematopoietic recovery |
| US20140047572 A1 | 2014 | Chen et al. | Thrombopoietin mimetics, Eltrombopag | Reduces bone marrow injury due to radiation |
| US20140107042 A1 | 2014 | Crapo et al. | α-1 antitrypsin | Prevents cellular damage due to radiation |
| US20140037674 A1 | 2014 | Dadachova et al. | Melanin | Radioprotector |
| US20140080876 A1 | 2014 | Denisenko et al. | Substituted nitrostyrene compounds | Protects against radiation injury |
| US20140065247 A1 | 2014 | Djang | Herbal composition of jiaogulan, hawthorn, and green tea | Prevents or mitigates internal radiation damage |
| EP2704743 A1 | 2014 | Dudler et al. | Anti MASP-2 inhibitory antibody -complement activation | Protects and mitigates radiation-induced injury to immune system |
| US20140010822 A1 | 2014 | Fox et al. | Anti-TNF antibody, AVX-470 | Aids GI tract recovery due to inflammation |
| US20140072538 A1 | 2014 | Francki et al. | Amnion-derived adherent cells (AMDACs) | Hematopoietic reconstitution after radiation exposure |
| US20140142024 A1 | 2014 | Guinan et al. | Bactericidal/permeability increasing protein | Mitigates radiation-induced tissue damage |
| US20140023612 A1 | 2014 | Heslet | Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administered by inhalation | Reduces radiation effects when administered before, during or after exposure |
| US8653049 B2 | 2014 | Hipler et al. | Normuramyl glycopeptide compounds | Protects against and treats radiation injury through hematopoiesis |
| WO2014025832 A1 | 2014 | Kahn et al. | R-spondin1 (Rspo1) | Mitigates GI injury post-radiation |
| WO2014077358 A1 | 2014 | Kashiwakura et al. | Romiplostim | Treats hematopoietic and GI systems post-radiation |
| WO2014037927 A1 | 2014 | King-Smith et al. | Chlorate compositions | Mitigates radiation injury, low toxicity |
| CN103536616A | 2014 | Liu et al. | Astragalus polysaccharide and astragaloside | Prevents radiation injury |
| US20140023701 A1 | 2014 | Montesinos et al. | Micronutrient, multivitamin and other compounds | Continual use produces radioprotective and mitigative effects |
| US20140017339 A1 | 2014 | Pelus et al. | Prostaglandin PGE2 and its regulators (NSAIDs) | Enhances hematopoietic recovery post-radiation exposure |
| WO2014004409 A2 | 2014 | Ratajczak et al. | Very small embryonic-like stem cells | Treats radiation injury through hematopoietic and immune system recovery |
| US20140100270 A1 | 2014 | Sherris | Benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives | Reduces radiation damage |
| CN103599265A | 2014 | Tang et al. | Traditional Chinese medicinal agents | Protects and treats radiation-induced injuries to hematopoietic and immune |
| WO2014071389 A1 | 2014 | Veech et al. | Ketones or ketogenic substances, (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ester | Mitigates and prevents tissue damage post-radiation |
| US8648042 B2 | 2014 | Wang et al. | Glycopeptide with aminothiol moiety | Radiomitigator by free radical quenching |
| US20140037591 A1 | 2014 | Wessel, HC, et al. | Amnion-derived Cellular Cytokine Solution (ACCS) | Reduces apoptosis |
∗All applications contain ‘A’ within the last two digits and all patent numbers contain ‘B.'Some of the above patents have been previously filed with another country or region. Their most recent versions are described above. Patent or application references are not provided in this manuscript due to space restrictions. All patents or applications can be easily found using their respective numbers and author information.
ARS: Acute radiation syndrome; GI: Gastrointestinal.