Table 2.
Pre- and post-workshop comparisons of maternal and neonatal characteristics
| Intervention NICUs ( N = 2) | Control NICUs ( N = 88) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Pre-WS (n = 146) | Post-WS (n = 148) | p value | MD or OR (95% CI) | Pre-WS (n = 3,322) | Post-WS (n = 2,912) | p value | MD or OR (95% CI) |
| Maternal age (years) | 31.2 ± 5.1 | 31.6 ± 5.4 | 0.56 | 0.43 (−0.78, 1.64) | 31.2 ± 5.2 | 31.4 ± 5.3 | 0.37 | 0.12 (−0.15, 0.39) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 166 | 47 | ||||
| Primipara | 121 (82.9) | 116 (78.4) | 0.32 | 0.75 (0.42, 1.34) | 2,836 (85.4) | 2,514 (86.3) | 0.27 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) |
| Multiple pregnancy | 42 (28.8) | 40 (27.0) | 0.73 | 0.92 (0.55,1.53) | 834 (25.1) | 681 (23.4) | 0.11 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) |
| Maternal hypertension | 22 (15.1) | 25 (16.9) | 0.67 | 1.15 (0.61, 2.14) | 625/3,320 (18.8) | 589/2,815 (20.9) | 0.04 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) |
| Maternal diabetes | 3 (2.1) | 3 (2.0) | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.20, 4.97) | 44/3,320 (1.3) | 52/2,749 (1.9) | 0.08 | 1.44 (0.96, 2.15) |
| PROM | 51 (34.9) | 47 (31.8) | 0.56 | 0.87 (0.53, 1.41) | 896/3,322 (26.9) | 866/2,888 (30.0) | <0.01 | 1.16 (1.04, 1.29) |
| Chorioamnionitis | 19/146 (13.0) | 46/146 (31.5) | <0.01 | 3.08 (1.70, 5.58) | 494/3,271 (15.1) | 467/2,652 (17.6) | <0.01 | 1.20 (1.05, 1.38) |
| Antenatal steroids use | 80/146 (54.8) | 97/147 (66.0) | 0.05 | 1.6 (0.998, 2.57) | 1,446/3,320 (43.6) | 1,474/2,827 (52.1) | <0.01 | 1.41 (1.28, 1.56) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 28.2 ± 3.6 | 28.4 ± 3.2 | 0.67 | 0.19 (−0.58, 0.98) | 28.4 ± 3.2 | 28.3 ± 3.2 | 0.82 | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.18) |
| Birth weight (grams) | 1,001.2 ± 323.9 | 991.7 ± 322.3 | 0.8 | −9.53 (−83.6, 64.5) | 1,027.2 ± 303.6 | 1,032.7 ± 301.7 | 0.47 | 5.53 (−9.53, 20.59) |
| Birth length (cm) | 34.8 ± 4.1 | 34.4 ± 4.5 | 0.45 | −0.38 (−1.39, 0.62) | 35.3 ± 4.0 | 35.3 ± 4.2 | 0.85 | 0.02 (−0.19, 0.23) |
| Missing | 4 | 1 | 232 | 158 | ||||
| Head circumference (cm) | 25.2 ± 2.7 | 25.4 ± 3.3 | 0.5 | 0.24 (−0.46, 0.95) | 25.6 ± 2.8 | 25.6 ± 2.9 | 0.9 | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.14) |
| Missing | 8 | 1 | 296 | 188 | ||||
| Gender (male) | 80 (54.8) | 72 (48.7) | 0.29 | 0.78 (0.49, 1.24) | 1,670/3,322 (50.3) | 1,505/2,911 (51.7) | 0.26 | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) |
| Outborn | 9 (6.2) | 5 (3.4) | 0.26 | 0.53 (0.17, 1.63) | 245 (7.4) | 225 (7.7) | 0.6 | 1.05 (0.87, 1.27) |
| Vertex presentation | 95/146 (65.1) | 100/144 (69.4) | 0.42 | 1.22 (0.75, 1.99) | 2,258/3,309 (68.2) | 1,859/2,658 (70.0) | 0.15 | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) |
| Cesarean section | 110 (75.3) | 105 (70.9) | 0.39 | 0.80 (0.48, 1.34) | 2,502 (75.3) | 2,268 (77.9) | 0.02 | 1.15 (1.03, 1.30) |
| Apgar score < 7 at 5 min | 36/145 (24.8) | 36/148 (24.3) | 0.92 | 0.97 (0.57, 1.66) | 801/3,219 (24.9) | 682/2,863 (23.8) | 0.33 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) |
Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, or t-test was used as appropriate. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the estimates were rounded. Binary outcome variables with missing data are indicated by the denominators showing the numbers of assessed infants. MD mean difference, OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals. MD or OR estimates correspond as appropriate. Unless otherwise stated, values represent number of neonates with their percentages in the parentheses. NICUs neonatal intensive care units, PROM premature rupture of the membrane; Pre-WS: before the workshops; Post-WS: after the workshops.