Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic | IFA (n = 325) | MMN (n = 347) | LNS (n = 337) | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestation weeks at enrolment, mean (SD) | 16.5 (2.12) | 16.5 (2.23) | 16.6 (2.24) | 16.5 (2.20) |
| Age, years | 23 (20–28) | 24 (20–29) | 24 (20–28) | 24 (20–28) |
| Gravidity | ||||
| -Primigravidae | 64 (19.7%) | 67 (19.2%) | 68 (20.1%) | 199 (19.8%) |
| -Secundigravidae | 77 (23.7%) | 64 (18.4%) | 62 (18.3%) | 202 (20.1%) |
| -Multigravidae | 184 (56.6%) | 214 (61.5%) | 208 (61.5%) | 606 (60.2%) |
| BMI, kg/m2; | 21.5 (20.4-23.3) | 21.6 (20.1-23.5) | 21.7 (20.3- 23.7) | 21.6 (20.3-23.5) |
| -BMI <18.5 kg/m2, n (%) | 18 (5.6%) | 18 (5.3%) | 21 (6.3%) | 57 (5.7%) |
| MUAC (cm), | 26.0 (24.7-27.5) | 25.7 (24.2- 27.7) | 26.1 (24.6- 27.8) | 26.0 (24.5-27.7) |
| -MUAC < 23cm, n (%) | 23 (7.1%) | 21 (6.1%) | 24 (7.1%) | 68 (6.8%) |
| Malaria parasitaemia | ||||
| - Microscopy | 34 (10.5%) | 36 (10.4%) | 38 (11.3%) | 108 (10.7%) |
| - PCR | 81 (25.7%) | 79 (23.4%) | 86 (25.7%) | 246 (24.9%) |
| - RDT | 71 (21.8%) | 83 (24.1%) | 75 (22.5%) | 229 (22.8%) |
| HIV infection, n (%) | 47 (14.5%) | 37 (10.7%) | 46 (13.6%) | 130 (13.0%) |
| Low Socioeconomic status, n (%)a | 184 (56.7%) | 187 (53.9%) | 189 (56.1%) | 560 (55.9%) |
Data presented as median (Interquartile range), or number (%) unless stated.
aSocioeconomic status calculated based on a scoring system for house hold assets. Low socioeconomic status is defined as house hold Z-score < median −0.387.
Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; RDT: rapid diagnostic test; BMI: body mass index; MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.